Browse Research

The agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is standard for the induction of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in animal models. Cognitive dysfunction disturbs about thirty-forty percent of PD patients and can progress to dementia. Non-motor symptoms, such as hippocampal dama...

Self-reported anthropometric data are widely used in public health for convenience and cost-effectiveness, yet gender-specific reporting biases raise accuracy concerns among young adults in Abakaliki, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, recruiting 240 participants (1...

Little is known about the ketogenic diet (KD)'s seizure-fighting properties. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) is a "gate" site for seizures. The neuroprotective effect of KDs on PTZ-induced epilepsy (35 mg/kg) every other day for 20 days was examined. The thirty mature female Wist...

There are increasingly significant safety concerns regarding the use of medicinal plants with regard to maternal and fetal health. This is particularly due to the established capacity of some bioactive compounds like phytoestrogens, saponins, and others to influence reproductive hormone lev...

Anatomy is a core component of health sciences education, yet it remains challenging, particularly in resourceconstrained settings. This study examined the relationship between students’ perceptions, expectations, and learning challenges among undergraduate anatomy students at Al-Hikmah ...

Body mass index is widely used in adolescent nutritional assessment, but it cannot differentiate between fat mass and lean body mass, and its utility may be strengthened by simple circumference-based measurements. This study assessed the relationship between wrist circumference and BMI-rela...

Executive function (EF) comprises cognitive processes essential for academic success. This study assessed the relationship between executive function and self-assessed academic performance (AP) among medical students at Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT). A cross-sectio...

The scapula is a key anatomical structure reflecting locomotor adaptation in primates. Humans exhibit bipedalism with non-weight-bearing upper limbs, whereas arboreal primates such as Cercopithecus sclateri rely on forelimbassisted locomotion. Forty adult dry scapulae (20 humans, 20 Sclater&rs...

Porters in large Nigerian markets are routinely exposed to repetitive lifting and load carriage. This study aims to build and deploy a machine learning model to predict the risk of back pain from anthropometric parameters. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 active p...

Climate change-induced heat waves pose significant physiological challenges to organisms, yet the sublethal effects of acute heat stress on living organism’s health remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of acute heat stress (5 and 10 minutes at an elevated temp...

Schizophrenia is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by genetic and prenatal environmental factors. Dermatoglyphic traits, particularly fingerprint ridge density (RD), are established during early foetal development and may serve as non-invasive markers of developmental disturb...

Testicular cell toxicity can be a resultant effect of exposure to environmental pollutants such as lead (Pb) through mechanisms including oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption, thereby impairing male reproductive function. This study evaluated the protective effect of zin...

Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing globally, raising concerns about fetal exposure to Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive constituent of cannabis. THC readily crosses the placental barrier and may disrupt the endocannabinoid system, which regulates feta...

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating chemotherapy agent that causes severe, dose-limiting ovotoxicity, often leading to diminished ovarian reserve. This study investigated the protective efficacy of magnesium glycinate (MgG), a highly bioavailable organic magnesium chelate with antioxidan...

Diabetes mellitus is estimated to affect over 589 million globally, with projections reaching 853 million by 2050, and a higher burden reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is characterized by destruction of pancreatic βcells and persistent hyperglycemia. Limitations associated with...

Diabetes mellitus and mercury toxicity are associated with oxidative stress and neuronal degeneration, particularly in the hippocampus. The study assessed histological and immunohistochemical effects of ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on the hippocampus of alloxan-induced diabet...

Sociodemographic characteristics such as age, education, income, marital status, and occupation significantly influence lifestyle behaviors among women. These factors vary across settlement types (urban, suburban, and rural), shaping health outcomes and accessibility to healthcare. This stu...

The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis is central to male reproductive function, and its disruption contributes to infertility. Asparagus officinalis leaves, less studied than roots or shoots, contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and androgenic properties. This st...

Book of abstracts presented at the 21st Anatomical Society of Nigeria (ASN) and 2nd Conjoint International Conference, North-West University, Kano 2025.

Book of abstracts presented at the 17th Anatomical Society of Nigeria (ASN) Conference, University of Ilorin, Ilorin 2021.

Exposure to environmental neurotoxicants is linked to neurological effects of epilepsy, impacting not only seizure severity but also neuroglial integrity across different brain regions. This study investigated the effects of Vitamin E and Valproic Acid on neuronal and glial changes in the septal nuc...

Petroleum products are used for various purposes owing to their importance; however, the need for their constant application has led to persistent exposure to humans and the environment. This study seeks to investigate the effect of long-term exposure to these products on the histoarchitecture of th...

Diabetes mellitus represents a persistent metabolic condition defined by elevated blood sugar, stemming from either the loss of insulin-producing beta cells or a diminished response to insulin. While conventional treatment like metformin manages glucose levels, they often fail to reverse underlying ...

Propolis is a complex bee-derived natural product with reported neuroprotective properties, largely based on studies using solvent extracts or isolated bioactive constituents. However, the neurobehavioral effects of consuming whole propolis as a dietary component remain poorly understood. In this st...

Advancements in additive manufacturing have driven the emergence of 3D bioprinting, a technique first developed for biomedical applications that is now gaining traction in forensic science. This technology enables the creation of anatomically accurate tissues and organ replicas, offering new possibi...

The ingestion of metal particles or fumes poses a significant threat to human health, with prolonged exposure potentially causing a variety of gastrointestinal disorders and other adverse health effects. This study investigated the protective effects of ethanol tuber extract of Cyperus esculentus (E...

The ovary is a vital organ in the female reproductive system, responsible for housing follicles, which contain oocytes essential for procreation. Although many studies have examined specific aspects of ovarian development in Wistar rats, there is a need to compare microanatomical features of the Wis...

The prefrontal cortex regulates executive functions, including decision-making, emotion regulation, and behavior. Environmental toxicants like di-butyl phthalate (DBP), a commonly used plasticizer, have been implicated in oxidative stress and neuronal dysfunction. This research explored the protecti...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition among older men, often accompanied by lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction that impair quality of life. Although surgical and pharmaceutical options exist, limited research has explored alternative therapies such as Polyalt...

Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a widely distributed environmental toxicant known to compromise male reproductive function through oxidative and inflammatory damage to testicular tissue. Nigella sativa oil (NSO), a natural compound with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been ...

Methamphetamine abuse is recognized as a significant global health problem. In this study, the protective effects of melatonin on methamphetamine-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated in adult male Wistar rats. 32 adult male rats were divided into four groups of 8 rats per group as follows; group...

The discharge of rice husk ash dust (RHAD) into the air by rice mills caused air pollution with health implications. This industrial process has resulted in various diseases including chronic obstructive respiratory system, rhinitis, cough etc. This study assessed the effects of RHAD exposure on hae...

Globally, there has been a rise in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), impacting nearly one in every 160 children. However, its prevalence in many low- and middle-income countries remains uncertain. Although ASD has been connected to various bodily characteristics, its link to digits has been scarcely e...

Accurate determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) remains problematic in forensic investigations due to the complexity of biological and environmental factors that influence tissue decomposition. This study conducted a comparative histotaphonomic analysis of splenic and pulmonary tissues in po...

Neuroanatomy education relies heavily on cadaveric specimens, histological slides, and two-dimensional illustrations, which are limited by scarcity, lack of durability, and insufficient visualization of three-dimensional neuronal structures. To address these limitations, this study aimed to develop ...

The frequency of liver injury is rising universally due to the leisure and societal acceptance of ethanol (EtOH) consumption. Enzymes that break down ethanol are primarily found in the liver, as such, the effects of long-time ethanol drinking cause a more serious effect on the liver as opposed to ot...

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, often resulting in physical, cognitive, and psychological challenges. Among these, learned helplessness, a perceived lack of control, and diminished personal agency can hinder rehabilitation engagement and recovery. Despite i...

Acacia nilotica pods are extensively used in Northern Nigeria for treating reproductive disorders, yet their morphological effects on female reproductive organs remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated dose-dependent histological changes in ovarian and uterine tissues following repeated ora...

Craniofacial anthropometry has important applications in forensic science, clinical practice, and biological profiling. Nasal morphology varies across populations and is influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors. Somatotype is also an important tool for describing body composit...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease marked by sustained hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Central to its pathogenesis is damage to pancreatic ?-cells, prompting interest in natural agents capable of protecting or restoring pancreatic str...

The comorbidity of epilepsy with exposure to cypermethrin may exacerbate neuropathology and compromise treatment outcomes. This study investigated the synergistic neurotoxic effects of pentylenetetrazole and cypermethrin on the amygdala and evaluated the neuroprotective potential of valproic acid (V...

Sex-related differences in cardiac morphology may influence cardiovascular risk assessment. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), derived from posteroanterior chest radiographs, is commonly used to estimate cardiac size. This study examined sexual differences in CTR among hypertensive and non-hypertensive...

The study was designed to predict sex using hand and foot anthropometric variables among the Hausa ethnic group in Kano State, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted on 444 participants (199 females and 245 males, age range: 11-26 years) across selected LGAs (Gwarzo, Gwale, and Ki...

Down syndrome (DS) or Trisomy 21 is the most prevalent human chromosomal disorder with impact on multiple bodily systems. DS has been associated with a range of phenotypic effects, including altered physical characteristics. This study determined the anthropometric characteristics of children with D...

Moringa oleifera, a plant of the moringa species, is known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. It is a major constituent of several polyherbal supplements, particularly consumed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its extensive application in herbal medicines, there are still concerns regarding...

There is a growing global trend in infertility, with the majority of the burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Structural damage to the reproductive tract from infection and complications from unsafe procedures has been implicated. Hysterosalpingography is readily available and relatively affordable for ass...

Heavy metal poisoning is a global challenge, causing a major threat to public health and safety. It captures specific regional and national problems, such as arsenic contamination in India and parts of Asia, and lead contamination in urban soils from road construction and related activities in both ...

Fetal cerebral ventricular dilatation, or ventriculomegaly, is a medical condition in which the cerebral ventricles are enlarged due to disruptions in cerebrospinal fluid circulation. It is primarily diagnosed through a routine obstetric ultrasound. Its etiologies are vast and are likely influenced ...

Traditionally, histologists and histopathologists have relied heavily on verbal and qualitative descriptions of tissue structure. Histological sections are used to define the normal appearances of cells, tissues and organs. These slides, therefore, also define pathological appearances which may ...

The present study examined the possible effects of long term exposure of wistar rats to refuse dump site. Young adult wistar rats of approximately 70 days old were housed in the vicinity of a refuse dump site for 5 months, and studied in the Morris water maze (MWM) for learning and memory, in op...

The health implications and complications of cigarette smoking are still prevalent worldwide. This study demonstrates the effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on the Nissl bodies and the anti-oxidant status of the cerebelli of adult Wistar rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were divided int...

Hip bone is an ideal bone for sex determination because it not only reflects the general differences between the two sexes but also the special adaptation of female hip bone for childbearing. The accurate determination of sex and race are important tools to forensic scientist and physical anthro...

Forensic science and anthropometry are inseparable as evidence from most anthropometrical analysis can be used for decision making. Anthropometric details of the ribs are important in defining the relationship between them and how they apply to forensic studies. The aim of this study is to deter...

Femoral shaft fractures had been noted to be life-threatening. The purpose of this radiologic study was to investigate the patterns of femoral shaft fractures among patients admitted in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital between 2007 and 2011. Plain films from a total number of 203 patien...

Limited information is available about the skeletal frame-size of urban dwelling adolescent West African children. This study assessed variation in truncal skeletal breadths of adolescent male Nigerian children from two different socioeconomic backgrounds in urban Lagos. Anthropometric measureme...

The science of Stereology deals with a body of methods for the exploration of three-dimensional space, when only two-dimensional sections through solid bodies or projections on a surface are available. It provides practical techniques (model- or design-based techniques) for extracting quantitati...

This study was carried out with the aim of radiologically determining any differences in the cephalometric and facial indices between SCA and non-SCA subjects of same age and sex and determine values for cephalic and Nasal Indices of SCA subjects. A total of 286 skull radiographs of subjects age...

Mesenteric ossification is an uncommon reactive condition that usually follows trauma or infection to the intra abdominal structures. Here we report a case of rapidly occurring heterotopic mesenteric ossification (HMO) following Laporatomy for a ruptured gangrenous appendicitis.

The effects of Vitamin E on Phostoxin-induced changes on the hematological indices and the histology of the lungs in adult Wistar rats were studied. Thirty adult Wistar rats were obtained and acclimatized for three weeks and were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five rats each. Group 1, w...

10 Albino Wister rats of about the same post-pubertal age, size and weight were used in this study. 7 of them were castrated and sacrificed in succession of four days interval to observe the effects of castration on the prostate gland. The other 3 served as the control. Paraffin wax sections wer...

Nasal parameters are important cephalometric measurements useful in forensic medicine, plastic surgery and rhinoplasty. This study was aimed at providing empirical data of nasal parameters in Urhobos. It involved 500 Urhobo volunteers (220 male and 280 female) whose nasal parameters were measure...

Skin carcinoma are malignant out-growths of the epidermis and are primarily basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas, with risk factors among ultraviolet light, light coloured skin, age, male gender, irradiation and impaired immunity. This paper brings to the fore the pattern of skin carcinoma in ...

The pyrethroid pesticides are swiftly replacing other type of insecticides due to a moderately lower toxicity for mammals. Nevertheless, due to excessive use they have now become an environmental nuisance. We sort to evaluate the attenuating effect of aqueous extract of Croton zambesicus (AECZ) ...

Morphological effects of long-term consumption of energy drinks commonly use as flavored beverage drinks on the intracranial auditory relay centres namely inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body of adult wistar rats were carefully studied. The rats of both sexes (N = 20), with average wei...

We studied hepatic toxicity profile of the ethanolic fraction of the seed of Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans, nutmeg) in rats. Adult Wistar rats were randomized to receive 20 mg/kg/d or 80 mg/kg/d of oral ethanolic fraction of nutmeg for 7 days (7d; acute treatment) or 28 days (28d; chronic trea...

The open field test is a common measure of exploring behaviour and general activity in both mice and rat. This study was carried out to investigate the open field movement effect of administration of Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) extract on wistar rats. Fifteen adult wistar rats were purchased, we...

In this study the wound healing property of 28% concentration of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes cucumerina fruit was determined by considering its effect on gross wound morphometry, histological analysis of the granulation tissue (with respect to neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblast and blo...

The orbit is roughly pyramidal in shape with the apex located posteriorly forming the optic canal and the base located anteriorly forming the orbital margin. The orbital margin has the form of a quadrilateral with rounded corners. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ...

The foramen magnum contains the lower end of the medulla oblongata, the vertebral arteries and the spinal accessory nerve. The purpose of this study was to measure the size, determine the index and area as well as analyse the shapes of the foramen magnum in dry adult human skulls of Nigerians. Th...

The effects of chronic administration of Zidovudine (AZT) commonly used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) type-1 therapy on the body and brain weights of adult wistar rats were carefully studied. The rats of both sexes...

This study is aimed to compare the ameliorative properties of Cissus populinea and Jatropha curcas on testicular damage caused by propoxur. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into six groups A, B, C, D, E, F consisting three rats in each group. Group A recei...

Diabetes-induced congenital malformations commonly affect organs and tissues that are derived fromectomesenchymal cells, such as the neural tube and cardiovascular structures. Human diabetic pregnancy has also been strongly associated with DiGeorge anomaly, Goldenhar and the axial mesodermal dys...

The health implications and complications of cigarette smoking are still prevalent worldwide. This study demonstrates the effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on the Nissl bodies and the anti-oxidant status of the cerebelli of adult Wistar rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were divided i...

Muscular exercise has long been known to play a vital role in health and maintenance of body fitness.To assess and compare cardiovascular responses to isotonic and isometric exercise in young healthy subjects.Ten apparently healthy male subjects aged16 to 26 years, who were not accustomed to phy...

Morphological effects of long term consumption of energy drink commonly use as flavored beverage drinks on the kidney of adult wistar rats was carefully studied. The rats of both sexes (N = 20), with average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into treated(n1=10) and control (n2=10) groups. T...

The patterns of articulating facets between the talus and the calcaneus have been studied in various geographic population groups (Sudanese, Indian, Egyptian, Spanish, and British populations). The posterior articulating facets on the calcaneus for the talus articulate in a regular manner. Howev...

Amlodipine Besylate is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in Man for the treatment of hypertension and angina. The treatment regimen is 5 or 10mg daily. This study tested the hypothesis that prolonged oral administration of Amlodipine Besylate impairs fertility in adult male wistar rats....

The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as a putative biomarker for prenatal testosterone and co- varies with the sensitivity of the androgen receptor (AR). Lateralization of the brain is strongly influenced by prenatal androgens, with differential exposure thought to account ...

Damage to the human spermatozoa membrane due to oxidative stress caused by the toxic effects of metronidazole has been implicated as an important pathophysiological mechanism in male fertility. This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of metronidazole on the testicular tissue an...

Today, there is a worldwide move of anatomy-based teaching away from dissection to prosection. Cadaver dissection is viewed as an occupation quite divorced from living human beings. Educators should be aware of the dramatic change of attitudes among students and the process of professionalizatio...

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The aim of this study was to determine the relation of the femoral bicondylar diameter to intercondylar notch dimensions (width and depth). Antero-posterior normal knee radiographs of 200 subjects were evaluated to determine the femoral bicondylar diameter (FBD), intercondylar depth (IND) and interc...

The study was designed to focus on the variation in dermatoglyphics of randomly selected students of University of Ilorin along gender, ethnic and religious lines. The science of dermatoglyphics has evolved over many years and it has been employed in resolutions of crimes, and identifications of...

Throughout history, researchers have been solving medical and other challenging problems, developing new techniques and treatments, and curing diseases - largely by conducting animal experimentation. Animal testing gives researchers the opportunity to control i...

Abstracts Presented at the 10TH Annual General Meeting/Conference of the Anatomical Society of Nigeria which held in November, 2012 at the Ebitimi Banigo Auditorium, University of Port Harcourt

Abakaliki women generally identify in three major occupations, which are stone crushing, meat selling and market dealings. Every occupation plays a significant role in determining an individual’s level of physical activity, and this impacts their overall health. The aim of this study was to comp...

Morgue workers in resource-limited settings face hazards, with the availability of personal protective equipment, risk exposure, and safety training as key determinants of safety. This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design to systematically evaluate the availability of pers...

Every orthopedic procedure requires the restoration of normal limb anatomy, function, and prevention of rotational malalignment. This can be predicted using indices on the lesser trochanter (LT), as it shows geographical and racial variations. No unified morphological classification system for L...

Stature estimation is a fundamental component of human identification in forensic anthropology, particularly in cases of fragmented remains, natural disasters, or mass casualties. Anthropometric methods provide a reliable means of predicting stature from body dimensions. This study examined the ...

Sensory information for vision is transmitted from the eye (retina) through the optic nerves to other brain regions, in mammalian species including rodents. The Cricetomys gambianus (African giant rat, AGRs) share several structural morphological similarities with higher mammals including huma...

The widespread neurotoxic impact of lead (Pb) continues to pose a threat to global health, primarily due to its ability to disrupt oxidative balance and induce neuroinflammatory effects. In response, the need for natural therapeutic agents is pressing. Honey is a well-known natural product with ...

Nigeria is currently facing severe security challenges, often resulting in dismembered bodies that are difficult to identify due to limited relevant data and guiding research. This study evaluated the radiogrammetric features of the femur and humerus to estimate Body Mass Index (BMI) in a Yoruba...

The interaction between molecules of gametes is intricate, as fertilization is a highly regulated process in humans. With recent breakthroughs in molecular biology, it has become possible to investigate these events in unprecedented detail, though some mechanistic steps remain unclear. This syst...

Underweight among children and suboptimal exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remain two prevalent public health issues in developing and low to middle-income countries like Nigeria. Traditional statistical techniques have limitations in modelling complex relationships among maternal sociodemographi...

This study evaluated the effects of anthocyanin fractionates from maize seed (Zea mays) extracts on the microanatomy of the testes and Epididymis of male Albino Wistar rats. Twenty-one (21) adult male Wistar rats were assigned to 3 groups randomly (n = 7). Group 1 (control) received water and fo...

Managing diabetes and its complications, including infertility, necessitates crucial approaches such as dietary and lifestyle modifications. Research has shown that diabetic men face a heightened risk of reproductive dysfunction compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. This study investigate...

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) exposure remains a major public health concern due to its hepatotoxic effects, which are largely mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Natural bioactive compounds such as Fisetin, a flavonoid found in strawberries, apples, onions, and cucumbers, and ...

Dermatoglyphics, the study of dermal ridge patterns, remains a valuable tool for understanding genetic variation and population-specific characteristics. This study investigates the frequency distribution and sexual dimorphism of fingerprint pattern indices among Hausa populations in Kano and Za...

The study aimed at testing the null hypothesis that body mass index (BMI) is not associated with higher risk of prehypertension. This was a cross-sectional study of a group of workers enrolled in a part-time degree program at Bayero University Kano, Kano State Nigeria. Body weight was measured u...

Alpha-synucleinopathy, characterized by the abnormal clumping of alpha-synuclein, is associated with neurodegenerative conditions like Parkinson's disease. Lead, a widespread environmental contaminant, intensifies oxidative stress and promotes alpha-synuclein aggregation. Oleanolic acid (OA), a ...

The liver performs many vital functions to eliminate toxins and harmful substances from the body. Hepatotoxic agents can react with basic cellular components and consequently induce almost all types of liver lesions. This study aimed to investigate the possible hepatoprotective role of sesame oi...

Diabetes is linked to cognitive decline via cholinergic neurodegeneration, and while neuronal loss cannot yet be halted, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors remain central to therapy. Glibenclamide, an antidiabetic sulfonylurea, was recently reported to potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase in vitro...

Cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) is a simple, affordable, and non-invasive radiographic measure used to estimate the heart size, particularly useful in settings with limited access to advanced diagnostic tools. Ethnic and age-related factors can influence thoracic and cardiac morphology, yet data on...

This study examined the protective effects of honey on permethrin-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group A (control) received 0.1 ml of normal saline, Group B (permethrin only) was administered permethrin at 1000 mg/kg, Group C (h...

The relationship between human genetic diversity and ethnicity is a complex and multifaceted subject that offers insights into human history, migration patterns, and biological variation. Genetic diversity is significantly greater within ethnic groups than between them, with approximately 85-90%...

Religiosity and spirituality promote good mental health and prevent mental illness but can sometimes become risk factors for substance abuse. This study aimed to assess the associations between religiosity, spirituality and psychoactive substance use among in-school adolescents in Ilorin. The da...

Accurate stature estimation is a critical component of human identification in forensic, medical, and anthropological contexts, particularly in situations involving mass disasters and fragmented remains. Body dimensions have been widely applied in stature prediction, given their relative robustn...

Girth anthropometry involves measuring the circumferences of various body parts, including the neck, upper arm, chest, mid-thigh, waist, and hips. These measurements are essential in numerous fields, impacting health, fitness, fashion, and forensic investigations. The study aims to evaluate grit...

The study of the patterns of the epidermal ridges of the finger, palm, and sole can help screen a variety of diseases, especially those caused by chromosomal aberrations, which are frequently accompanied by pattern distortion, as well as other genetically and non-genetically determined diseases....

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a complex multifactorial condition arising from changes in disc morphology, extracellular matrix and neurovascular composition. This study investigated the effect of Gallic acid on the histoarchitecture of the intervertebral disc of rabbit subjected to a...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) system is mostly affected by toxins, which can cause infertility in mammals. This research investigated the role of Curcuma longa on Ketamine toxicity in the HPO axis of rats. Twenty-five female Wistar rats were assigned into five groups of fi...

Occupational dichlorvos exposure can cause organophosphate poisoning, which can be fatal if left untreated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus on dichlorvos-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats weighing b...

Pituitary gigantism is a rare endocrine disease characterized by unusually tall stature with rapid growth velocity that occurs before the closure of the epiphyseal growth plates due to excess growth hormone often as a result of a benign secreting pituitary tumor. ...

Cheek dimples (small indentations on the cheeks) and tongue rolling (the ability to fold the tongue) are dominant genetic traits observed in humans. Investigating these traits provides valuable insights into genetic inheritance patterns and their cultural significance across various populations....

(CBD) on the prefrontal cortex, neurodevelopmental indices, placental morphology, and fetal growth in Wistar rats. Pregnant rats received 150 mg/kg of ?9-THC and CBD from gestational day 6 to day 19 or until delivery. Placental morphometry was assessed using Vernier calipers, while the prefronta...

The carrying angle (CA) is an important anthropometric parameter with a wide range of significance and applications in forensic medicine and clinical procedures that involve the upper extremities. This study was conducted to evaluate the CA among the Yoruba tribe in Nigeria and elucidate its s...

The body bequest program is fast becoming a significant source of cadavers for anatomical study. Due to the shortage of cadavers for dissections in institutions across Nigerians, there is a need to investigate untapped sources of cadavers. The objective of this study was to ascertain and determi...

Natural iron-chelating agents from plants offer a promising alternative to synthetic chelators with potentially fewer side effects. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol leaf extract of Chasmanthera dependens (MLECD) confirms the presence of antioxidants known for their metal-chelating properti...

Elevated blood pressure (Hypertension) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study of one thousand (1000) Nigerian children and adolescents aged 7 to 18 years in Port-Harcourt City, Rivers State, Nigeria involved the measurements of anthropometric var...

has not always been the case; before the 1870s, students were forced to dissect available bodies quickly before body decomposition began. Evidence of mummified human remains from Egypt encouraged a search for the preservation of human bodies for anatomy studies. Among the thousands of mummies th...

This study presents a comparative examination of the hematological parameters, structure, and function of the thyroid gland between two rodent species: guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) and grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus), which are taxonomically distinct. They are important for research and ...

Adansonia digitata (A. digitata) is used in many African and Asian countries for food, beverage and medicine. Lead is one of the toxic heavy metals whose widespread use has resulted in continuous environmental contamination. The current study evaluated the effect of lead acetate on mice's live...

This study aimed to evaluate the decomposition rate in pig models that were either stabbed or eviscerated. Six pigs were divided into two groups (A and B), each consisting of three pigs. After euthanizing the animals via stunning, pigs in group A were subjected to repeated stab wounds in the t...

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent, however, its clinical applications are often limited by its severe toxicity, particularly affecting the liver and kidneys. The search for natural protective agents against CP-induced toxicity has gained signific...

Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide widely used both in indoor and outdoor place to control insects. This present work was conducted to study the effect of acute and chronic exposure of propoxur (PPX) on hormonal and histological changes in the rat Hypothalamic-pituitary testicular axis. The c...

Cell phones are defined as devices emitting radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW). These waves transmit signals from the cell phones to the base stations and antennas. The number of cell phone users in the world has gone up to 6 billion being the most effective communication tools all ov...

Benue State has one of the highest HIV prevalence rates in Nigeria, driven by a combination of high risk sexual behaviors and the presence of most-at-risk populations (MARPs). The mapping exercise aimed to provide accurate information on the size, location and characteristics of MARPs for HIV in ...

Buruli ulcer is a public health concern particularly where the knowledge about the disease is poor. An advent of an emerging wound ulcer epidemic was reported in North-central Nigeria in 2023. A study was then carried out between December 2023 to August 2024 to determine the prevalence and the ...

Religiosity and spirituality promote good mental health and prevent mental illness but can sometimes become risk factors for substance abuse. This study aimed to assess the associations between religiosity, spirituality and psychoactive substance use among in-school adolescents in Ilorin. The da...

Antenatal depression, with a global prevalence of between 15 and 65%, is a clinical condition characterised by persistent sadness, anxiety, and hopelessness during pregnancy. It is a strong predictor of postpartum depression, and it negatively impacts pregnancy outcomes, maternal-child bonding, ...

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STHs) are a group of intestinal parasitic nematodes causing diseases in humans when exposed to their infective stages (eggs or larvae) thriving in warm and moist soil. This study ascertains the prevalence of STHs among school children in urban and rural communities in...

Hypertension is a condition arising from persistently elevated blood pressure, leading to severe complications, including death. Factors such as high salt consumption and family history predispose individuals to hypertension. Azadirachta indica (AI) has shown potential in reducing ...

Children are the foundation of our shared future, yet millions are burdened by Early Life Stress (ELS), undermining their mental health and potential. The 2024 World Children’s Day theme, "Listen to the Future, Stand Up for Children's Rights," underscores the urgent need to address these...

The mother-infant bond plays a pivotal role in early neurodevelopment, and disruptions to this relationship can lead to significant behavioral and neurochemical alterations. This study explores the impact of maternal separation on cognitive and exploratory behaviors, redox status, and neuroanato...

Abstracts of Research Papers Presented at the 20th Annual Scientific Conference and General Meeting of the Anatomical Society of Nigeria (7-9 October 2024) held at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstracts of Research Papers Presented at the 19th Annual Scientific Conference and General Meeting of the Anatomical Society of Nigeria held at Baze University Abuja on 6 – 9 September 2023

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the primary culprit behind anovulatory infertility and is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women of childbearing age. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of Lycopersicon esculentum isolate on PCOS induced by letrozole in fem...

Levonorgestrel, a dedicated emergency contraceptive, is prone to abuse by women of reproductive age group. We evaluated the modulatory effects of varying and repeated doses of the drug on lipid profiles in female rats. Twenty adult female Wistar rats were randomized into four groups. The normal ...

Anatomical variations in the celiac trunk and hepatic artery are critical for clinical practice, particularly in regions with unique population characteristics. This study investigated the relationship between celiac trunk, hepatic artery dimensions and their sex differences among Hausa subjects...

Cancer is a multifactorial disease caused by combined genetic and non-genetic changes. Breast cancer being the second leading cause of death in women. A large percentage of known anticancer medicines are derived from various plant species. Dennettia tripetala has been found to contain vitamins, ...

Among its various applications, the stem juice of Costus afer has gained attention in the scientific community for its potential in tissue repair and regeneration. This study was carried out to assess the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase 3 (HAS3) in wounds treated with C. afer stem juice e...

The most common cause of lung diseases among people with formaldehyde-related occupations is formaldehyde poisoning which has significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Psidium guajava on formaldehyde-induced...

Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam), a highly lipophilic benzodiazepine derivative, is commonly used in treating seizures and sleep disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the histomorphological changes in the hippocampus and the associated neurobehavioral effects on spatial memory in mice following exposu...

Styloid process is a bony projection from the inferior part of the petrous temporal bone of the skull. The research aimed to study the styloid process structure and evaluate the prevalence of elongated styloid processes in dry skulls collated by the Department of Anatomical Sciences University o...

The African grasscutter (AGC; Thryonomys swinderianus) has been observed to possess unique physiological and structural features enabling them to survive in challenging environments. This behavior displayed by AGCs across different age groups could be attributed to a well-developed CNS where M1 ...

Human sexual dimorphism is an outcome of a survival strategy, a balancing of the need for high degree of biological variation within species with the need for a narrow range of variation in the female, who is physically structured for the perinatal support of infant. This study aimed to evaluate...

Anthropometric studies are very important areas for craniofacial surgery and syndromology. Surgeons use these measurements to understand the unique features of a patient's face, head and body, helping them tailor their surgical approaches for optimal results. It aids in achieving aesthetic and f...

Exposure to aluminium is associated with neurotoxicity, affecting various parts of the nervous system. The study investigated the neuroprotective potential of ethanolic fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera (EFPD) and melatonin against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in male adul...

Alcohol, a psychoactive drug, is soluble in both water and lipids, due to which it can diffuse to all tissues and affect the normal functioning of the body. Gonadal toxicity is reported as one of the side effects of its long-term consumption. This study examined the possible comparable protectiv...

Animal models of cerebral ischaemia make a significant contribution to the knowledge of the pathogenesis of stroke and its methods of management. Many treatments have failed to reduce neuronal injury in cerebral ischaemia, prompting the exploration of new treatment models. The purpose of this st...

Exposure to chronic cigarette smoking during pregnancy into infancy results in numerous morphological and behavioral consequences in infants, children, and adolescents. Cigarette smoke is a reproductive toxicant, demonstrating a strong relationship between smoking and impaired fertility. This st...

Heavy metal exposure is a global health problem and their presence in our environment has been greatly increased by industrial activities over the past century. Manganese is an essential trace metal in the body. However, exposure to elevated levels is neurotoxic, leading to manganism, a Parkinso...

This study explored the relationship between handedness, 2D:4D ratio, and personality traits among the Hausa ethnic group in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Data from 500 participants aged 18-30 were analysed using a cross-sectional design and simple random sampling, confirming Hausa ethnicity and Nigeri...

The talus is an important bone used in forensic and archaeological cases for the determination of the sex of human remains because it is a preservational favored bone of the body. The study is designed to take the measurements and dimensions of dry tali to determine the sex as well as the sides ...

Monodora myristica and Xylopia aethiopica have been commonly used as spices for decades, both in culinary and medicinal contexts. This study aimed to assess the effect of aqueous extract of Monodora myristica and Xylopia aethiopica on the histology of the pancreas of adult albino Wistar rats. Tw...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is among the most common food additives in the developing world and is commonly used as a flavor enhancer. It contains glutamic acid, one of the naturally occurring amino acids that the body transforms into glutamate. Allium sativum (Garlic) has tremendous pharmacologic...

Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) has been shown in previous studies to induce histopathological changes in the testes. An essential function of the c-kit signalling system is to control cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and death. Consequently, certain male infertility may ...

Simple hepatic cysts are the most frequent forms of liver cysts, often filled with clear or yellow fluid. They are usually asymptomatic and are typically diagnosed in adulthood. Their prevalence however varies across populations. Ultrasound and serological tests are the primary diagnostic tools ...

Population-specific facial anthropometry is essential for cultural esteem, preservation of ethnicity, and advances in reconstructive medicine. This study focuses on craniofacial indices in students of Yoruba lineage. Using a questionnaire, biodata were collected from 2109 participants, aged 18 t...

The accumulation of Aluminum in the brain is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. This study evaluated the neuroprotective activities of sulforaphane (SFN) on aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced hippocampal degeneration in Wist...

One neuroanatomical measure found to allometrically scale the body is brain's size. Species with larger brains relative to body are better complex information processors. We compared absolute brain weight (ABW), generated regression formulae and determined intelligence level in each age group of ...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas are tumours originating from cutaneous keratinocytes and they are among the most commonly encountered skin cancers. This study analysed the various histologic variants of cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) diagnosed in the hospital. The study was a descri...

Stomach ulcer is a disease that causes the erosion of the epithelial lining of the gastric mucosa. This study aims to determine the ameliorative effects of ß, ?- carotene- 3, 3’-diol following Indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats (7 weeks old, 160 – 165...

Mosquito coil smoke is widely used to repel mosquitoes and prevent malaria in many malaria-endemic regions. While there is considerable awareness of the toxicity of carbon monoxide (CO), exposure to CO from less obvious sources like MC smoke is often overlooked. This study investigates the neuro...

Intractable form of epilepsy is a major challenge worldwide, and despite an increasing number of medical therapies in the treatment of epilepsy, about one in three patients continues to experience seizures. This study evaluated the effects of cannabidiol on neuronal morphology and astrocytes in ...

The double-spurred Francolin is a feral bird and remains undomesticated with very little known about its reproductive capability. This study aimed to know the structural integrity of its testis. Birds (n=5), were obtained during the dry and rainy seasons from their natural habitat in Kano, stabi...

Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metal-containing products, such as crude oil, poses serious global health concerns. The bioaccumulation of crude oil constituents in humans has been reported to be toxic to the brain, however, much is still unknown about the neurotoxic mechanism of cr...

Squirrels have attracted many interests from many scientists as a model for research. There are several species of squirrels found across the globe; however, different species are found in specific locations. This study examined the Thomas'-Rope-Squirrel (TRS) and Gambian-Sun-Squirrel (GSS), mostly ...

The first step in evaluating toxicity of a substance is to test for acute toxicity of that substance. The focus of acute oral toxicity is on possible short-term adverse effects from one or more oral exposures given within a 24-hour period. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects...

In this study, the cardio-renal health of offspring of mother exposed to bonny light crude oil (BLCO) during gestation was assessed in Wistar rats. Ten pregnant rats were divided into 2 groups (n=5). Distilled water (0.75 mL/Kg/days) was administered to group 1 while BLCO (0.75 mL BLCO/Kg/day) was a...

The most prevalent malignant tumor in humans is basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and its frequency has been rising over time. This study examined the histological subtypes of cutaneous BCC identified at the Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria. The study examined the histological subtypes of cutaneou...

Diabetes mellitus contributes to male sexual dysfunction and infertility by causing oxidative damage to the testis. Over the years, the use of herbs like Hibiscus sabdariffa for the treatment of ailments has garnered worldwide recognition. However, its impact on male infertility due to Type1 diabete...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic agent that exhibits splenotoxicity and induce hematopoietic suppression in cancer patients. Gallic acid is an antioxidant and anti-tumor agent that protects non-cancer cells. Sixteen rats were randomly grouped into four (4) sub-groups of 4 rats. The control re...

Permethrin is a commonly used domestic insecticide with varying degrees of neurotoxicity in both insects and mammals. The phytochemical components of Moringa oleifera oil (MOR) have several health benefits including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the role of ...

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) is an annual legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is very nutritive and considered to be healthy for human diet because of its health benefits. However, individuals have been observed to react to its different processed forms. This study, as a two phase stu...

A cure to type 1 diabetes without undesirable side effects still remains a formidable challenge in drug research and development. Many traditional plants and herbal medicines have been discovered to have favourable and safe anti-diabetic activity in comparison to synthetic drugs. This study was aime...

Several studies have demonstrated that the face that contains a combination of highly feminine and masculine characteristics may obtain a score that recommends average masculinity in the other racial division, but whether this is true for the African population is not yet known. Therefore, the aim o...

Memory impairment is a neurodegenerative condition that is associated with poor cognition. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is a neurotoxic agent that disrupts the structure-function of the brain, leading to impaired cognition and memory. Buccholzia coriacea is traditionally reputed to boost memory. This ...

Lip prints are a constant anatomical structure and are absolutely unique to an individual and thus are an infallible means of personal identification. 201 males and 201 females participated in the study. The lip prints were obtained using carbon black powder, lip gloss and a microscopic glass slid...

Toxicity from herbal plants has been underestimated due to the perception that drugs from plants are absolutely safe. Breynia nivosa is a herbal plant known for its use in the treatment of tooth infection, toothaches and headaches. However, severe organ injury has been described after ingestion of...

Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) has been extensively reported by previous studies to have deleterious effects on the male reproductive system. On the other hand, research has proven that caffeic acid possess potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This research aimed...

Mercury is a highly toxic substance that poses a serious threat to living organisms. This work evaluated the protective effects of n-butanol fraction of Phoenix dactylifera Linn (BFPD) on mercury-induced kidney toxicity in Wistar rats. 25 rats were divided into 5 groups containing 5 rats each. Gro...

The study of dermal ridges on the palms and soles is known as dermatoglyphics. Its growth begins in the third month and is completed by the fifth month of intrauterine life. The dermal ridges have been linked to the development of the central nervous system throughout foetal life and are also affe...

Crimes involving fire are becoming increasingly common, and criminals often use fire to mask the actual cause of death, conceal the identity of the victims, and hide evidence related to the crime scene. This study was designed to compare the decomposition timeline between burnt and strangulated po...

The task of establishing identity of unknown cases becomes quite difficult for investigating officers especially in cases of mass disaster, burns, drowning etc. where the face is severely disfigured. If the ears are left unharmed, in such cases the identity may be established using metric and morp...

Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid commonly used for the control of insect pests. It is neurotoxic at high doses and its exposure has been associated with tremor, salivation, paresthesia, depressed reflexes and nerve damage, in animal studies. Sesame seed oil is derived from the seeds of the flo...

Newer sources of lead are being discovered on daily bases; likewise, the prevalence of kidney diseases is increasing hence the need to look at the effect of lead as a predisposing factor to kidney diseases. The present study was aimed at determining the effect of lead on the histology of kidney an...

The global concern about the use of eco-friendly and biodegradable materials in tissue staining has borne laudable interest in the use of natural dyes as suitable alternatives to synthetic dyes. Plants like avocados serve as dyeing agents for fabrics, but little is known about their potential as a...

Mercury, a highly toxic heavy metal, poses a risk to humans, animals, and plants. Gingko biloba has been used to treat various disorders including memory-related conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Ascorbic acid, which is known for its antioxidant properties, protects cells from free radicals....

Obesity, which was once considered a first-world disease, has become a global epidemic. It is now becoming more prevalent in undeveloped and developing nations. This present study assessed the prevalence and occupational predictors of obesity among males in rural and urban regions of south-eastern...

Aluminium is a widely recognized neurotoxic agent that can affect the central nervous system and other parts of the body. In this study, effects of kolaviron were investigated on the prefrontal cortex of adult female Wistar rats treated with Aluminium chloride. Twenty – five adult female Wistar ra...

Dermatoglyphics study is an important aspect of forensic science in establishing one's identity. This study aims to empirically determine the dermatoglyphic pattern of fingerprints that is prevalent among genders of three ethnic groups (Urhobo, Ika, and Isoko. This study is a descriptive cross-sec...

Xylopia aethiopica is commonly used in central and west Africa to treat various ailments and as food additives with the highest consumption rate among women. The study evaluated the effects of Xylopia aethiopica fruit extract (XAFE) on estrous cycle duration and the histology of kidney, liver, uteri...

Using data obtained from ultrasonography measurement, this study examined the correlation between the sonographic gallbladder and bile duct dimensions with Body Mass Index (BMI) and body surface area among adolescents in northern Nigeria. Four hundred volunteers (200 males and 200 females) ranging b...

This study investigated the effects of pre- and postnatal caffeine ingestion on the frontal cortex of experimental mice. Thirty-two (n=32) pregnant mice (Mus musculus) were divided into four groups: group A control, received distilled water; group B received caffeine- 10 mg/kg body weight; group C r...

Ulcers particularly duodenal ulcers have remained a nagging problem despite the availability of drugs. This implies an uncertainty about a permanent treatment as ulcers are currently being managed. This study investigated the protective and therapeutic effects of unripe and ripe fermented Carica pap...

Food and environmental toxins have increased female infertility in recent years. Dietary monosodium glutamate is ovotoxic. Allium sativum is reputed for its great therapeutic value. Based on this premise, this study attempted to evaluate Allium sativum's potential protective or ameliorative function...

Cardiovascular risk diseases (CVDs), which are among the most difficult health issues, are of global concern in emerging nations. However, among the ethnic minorities in Nigeria, the best screening tools for this nutritional relationship, including the hip and neck circumferences (HC and NC), waist-...

Stature estimation has a significant importance in the field of forensic anthropology. Assessment of the height of an individual, from measurements of different parts of the body, has always been of immense interest to anatomists, anthropologists and forensic experts. Stature is fundamental to estab...

The benefits of dietary supplements like co-enzyme Q10 (CQ10) and omega-3 fatty acids in reducing the burden of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD) has recently become the focus of research. Also, because mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage have been linked to th...

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of calcium carbide ripened banana on the histological parameters of maternal and foetal liver in Wistar rats. Unripe bananas were subdivided into four groups; with three artificially ripened, using calcium carbide and one ripened via non artificial...

Thies changes in some biochemical parameters of maternal and foetal liver induced by consumption of calcium carbide ripened banana in Wistar rats. Unripe bananas were subdivided into four groups; with three artificially ripened using calcium carbide and one ripened via non artificial means. Experime...

Even though the somatotype gives a gestalt summary of the body physique and composition, by extension, a morphological marker of a predisposition to various illnesses, the somatotype and associated factors in Nigerian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been fully explored. This study aimed to ...

Insulin-resistance and type-2 diabetes are associated with altered cognitive function, both conditions have been linked to neurodegenerative disease which is a progressive impairment in the functionality of the brain usually resulting from loss or death of neurons traceable to multiple causes. The a...

Errors can easily be introduced into anthropometry measurements. The measurer’s confidence may not be equal between same-sex and opposite-sex measuring, hence the need to evaluate and compare errors arising from anthropometric measurement when participants are measured by a practitioner of the sa...

Demonstration of somatic cells (SC) in the last few years been performed commonly by the method of Prescott and Breed. Other advanced techniques have been developed to demonstrate SC. Most of these methods are rather time-consuming and expensive. Demonstrating SC using a more rapid, less expensive, ...

Populations vary genetically and geographically in their craniofacial features, which are largely influenced by race, age, sex, and culture. The aim of this study was to comparatively analyze the craniofacial parameters of the Atyap, Bajju, Chawai, and Ham ethnic groups from southern Kaduna, Kaduna ...

Understanding skeletal relationship in the human body are essential for clinical diagnosis, design of prostheses and biological profiling in forensics. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the femoral head diameter (FHD) and the intertrochanteric line diameter (ILD) of adul...

Gluteus maximus is a hip extensor, originating from the posterior surface of ilium and inserting on the gluteal tuberosity and ilio-tibial tract. Adductor longus is a thigh adductor which inserts to the middle- 1/3 of linea aspera. Overuse, repetitive use as well as some pathological conditions ma...

Weaning period is a vulnerable phase in which malnutrition can set in and this frequently results in loss of priceless mental abilities and occasionally, physical problems. The current study sought to determine if Nigella sativa oil (NSO) could protect Wistar rats against behavioural and biochemical...

Anthropometric indices of central obesity such as waist circumference, waist hip ratio and body mass index is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including hypertension (HT) which is itself a risk factor for CVDs. Recent studies suggest that waist circumferenc...

Intensive use of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) especially in developing countries for crop protection and improve yield has been reported to cause neurodegenerative diseases in animal models and humans. Therefore, there is a need to assess the phytotherapeutic potentials of Moringa oleifera in CPF-induced neur...

Thryonomys swinderianus (African grasscutter, AGC) is a breeding species widely spread across Sub-Sahara Africa and recently reported as potential model in neuroscience researches. Striato-pallidal (caudate-putamen, CPu, and globus pallidus, GP) nuclei are subcortical structures that play critical r...

We employed a rodent model to typify histomorphological changes connected to dementia-like symptoms and co-morbid insulin resistance; we examined cortical neuronal density and morphological changes; evaluated amyloid (A?) deposits and probed the association between phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3...

This study evaluated the effects of exposure to constituents of firewood, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas on cardiopulmonary and some anthropometry parameters among women in Samaru area of Sabon Gari Local Government, Kaduna state. 300 female subjects of the age between 18-50 years participate...

This study assessed the ameliorative role of Carica papaya leaf crude extract (CPLCE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of neurotoxicity in mice. Thirty-two adult male mice (25 - 30g) were randomly assigned to three groups (A & C; n=8, B; n= 16 i.e. B1 and B2). B1 was treated with LPS once/daily ...

Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of fluoxetine and this is responsible for most treatment discontinuation. Certain dietary supplements may attenuate the deleterious effects of medications. Cyperus esculentus seeds have numerous phytochemical constituents which are rich in antioxidant ef...

This study investigated the effects of caffeine, a constituent of widely consumed energy drinks and beverages, on the sperm characteristics and level of reproductive hormones in developing male rats. Forty pre-pubertal Wistar rats (25 – 28 days old), weighing between 50 – 60 g were assigned into ...

Palatoscopy is the study of palatal rugae patterns in order to utilize its uniqueness to establish the identities of individuals. Face shape refers to the geometric form of an individual’s face. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between palatal rugae patterns and face shapes ...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic debilitating microvascular complication of diabetes, and often leads to end-stage renal disease, a common cause of morbidity and mortality with high burden worldwide. Both oxidative stress and chronic inflammation had been implicated in the pathogenesis of D...

The physical appearance of the difference in the index and ring finger has been associated with hormonal levels and sex. This study, therefore, evaluates the sex difference and heritability of the relative difference in the 2nd and 4th digits among families living in Port Harcourt. This research ...

The study of cephalofacial parameters has been used in various human populations to test heterogeneity in head and face forms for sexual dimorphisms and ethnic variations. These features are used by plastic surgeons, forensic researchers and anthropologists to estimate the sex, shapes and other f...

Hirsutism is excessive terminal hair growth in women which follows a male pattern distribution. Adipose tissue contributes up to 50% of the circulating testosterone in premenopausal women due to excessive production of androgen in the fat tissue. This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship...

People are becoming more and more dependent on herbal products rather than the chemical drugs due to their residual effects on the long run. The individual parts of plant that forms herbs like the seed, seed oil, leaves and the roots showed their importance in pharmacology. Ricinus Communis Linn ...

The Double-spurred Francolin (Francolinus bicalcaratus) is a feral bird and remains undomesticated with very little known about its reproductive capability, hence, this study was carried out to know about the structural integrity of its testis. Birds (n=5), were obtained during the dry and rainy ...

Comparative neurobiology provides empirical evidence to neuroscientists for the classification of biological species based on diversities or similarities of their neuroanatomical characteristics. Rodents are imperative neuroscience research tool, beneficial in elucidating brain pathologies and po...

Body mass index (BMI) is a handy tool for categorizing individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on tissue mass and height. Body circumferences are of great importance in determining body weight and tissue composition due to the limitation of BMI, especially when used ...

Andrographis paniculata is a traditional plant, although little is known regarding its effectiveness against mercury chloride-induced liver and kidney damage. The hepatorenal protective properties of the A. paniculata extract was assessed in mercury chloride-induced (0.5 mg/kg) hepatorenal toxici...

Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary or one-humped camel) belonging to the genus Camelus, is recently receiving great research attention due to the increasing importance of this species as model for scientist in various discipline of biological science including reproduction. This study was aimed to ev...

The kidneys serve as the initial storage for lead, and as such are exposed to the deleterious effect of lead. Chelators utilized in lead induced toxicity are costly and have been related with adverse side effects. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty...

Alcohol has been implicated in the aetiology of male infertility. Ogogoro, a locally brewed alcohol, is processed by distilling fermented sap of Raphia palms (Raphia hookeri) or coconut palm (cocus nucifera). The aim of this study was to evaluate Ogogoro induced testicular toxicity in adult male ...

A common route of exposure to gasoline is the olfactory epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gasoline vapor on the histology of the olfactory epithelium and on some biomarkers of oxidative stress. The experiment lasted for 21 days with 35 rats designated into 7 group...

This experiment was designed to study the effects of caffeine on the histomorphology of the testes of prepubertal male Wistar rats. Prepubertal Wistar rats (50 – 60 g) were randomly divided into three treatment groups (B, C and D) and control (A) of ten rats each. Group A rats received distilled ...

Malnutrition is described to be the evidence of bad nutritional status, which in turn dictates the health of the individual as well as that of a community. Food provides the energy and nutrients that infants need to be healthy. Anthropometric variables have been used to assess nutritional status ...

With the high rate of infertility within our society, most men have resolve into using herbs as first treatment. Alchornea cordifolia is one of the plants used as performance enhancers in livestock and poultry industry therefore, this research proposes to find out the effect of this extract on th...

Changes in modern life style have been implicated to cause retinal damage due to prolonged artificial light exposure. The study investigated the effects of the methanolic extract of Adansonia digitata on the histomorphology of the retina in Light Emitting Diode (LED) light induced retinal damage ...

Blighia sapida is an herbal plant cultivated in West Africa that has been observed to have multipurpose properties. To investigate the androgenic effects of Blighia sapida (Ackee bark) extracts in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-four rats weighing 135±15g were used for this study. They were rand...

Bisphenol A (BFA), which is one of the most widely used industrial chemicals in the production of plastic has been implicated with male infertility and achieved this through increased in reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Melatonin and phoenix dactylifera (date palm) have been shown to...

Prenatal exposure to Testosterone and Oestrogen predicts human finger length and the ratio of 2D:4D reflects sexual differentiation at an early age. Women with high 2D:4D ratio were found to have high reproductive success and this prompted us to find out if any, the relationship between digit rat...

Dromedary or one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) belongs to the genus Camelus, and camel research is on the increase due to its importance as model for scientist in various discipline of biological science including reproduction. Here we examined the histological developmental horizons of the ...

Infertility is a disease of the reproductive system defined by the lack of ability of a noncontraceptive couple to conceive after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Bisphenol A(BFA) which is one of the most widely used industrial chemical in the production of plastic mat...

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-COV-2) otherwise called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of people. The placental barrier separates the fetal circulation from maternal blood in the placenta during pregnancy in humans, which plays an essential rol...

The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences (Volume 13 Number 1) has 33 peer-reviewed research articles. This issue promises a rich array of articles that indeed speaks to the evolutionary trend and diversity we are witnessing in the field of Anatomical Sciences. There are arti...

This study was conducted to measure the air level of formaldehyde in some selected hospital mortuaries in Benin City. The mortuaries included a Teaching hospital mortuary, General hospital mortuary and Private hospital mortuary respectively. The mortuaries served as the test groups while Staff off...

Dermatoglyphics have a very wide range of application as in human identification, security purposes and predicting the future phenotype of diseases. Sickle cell anaemia is a very prevalent blood disorder, but there is no baseline data on dermatoglyphics of the people living with the condition amon...

The liver is vulnerable to drug-related toxicity or injury because it is the primary site of drug metabolism. Additionally, a number of potentially dangerous by-products are generated as drug is broken down in the liver. However, dietary supplements may prevent or relieve some of drug deleterious ...

Due to the drawbacks of employing formalin in tissue preservation and the related health risks, the plastination method of preserving specimens that are more flexible, resilient, and life-like utilizing liquid polymers was developed. In this investigation, the heart of a goat was acquired from the...

Cisplatin (CIS) is an anti-neoplastic drug used for chemotherapy of solid organ malignancies. Unfortunately, it activates processes that induce oxidative damage in the brain (neurotoxicity). Cimetidine (CTD) is a Histamine 2 receptor blocker reported to exhibit antioxidative function. This study i...

The auditory ossicles; malleus, incus and stapes transfer sound vibrations in the tympanic membrane from the middle ear to the inner ear. These ossicles are located in the petrous part of the temporal bone and they form a chain across the tympanic cavity from tympanic membrane. This study is aimed...

The research was conducted to radiologically measure the dimensions of sella turcica using skull x-rays amongst Port Harcourt residents. The research examined the length, depth and anteroposterior diameter of a total of 200 skull radiographs. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 120...

Persistent hyperglycemia is a key feature of Diabetes (DM). Eventhough there are numerous orthodox treatment options in circulation, alternative treatment options that are efficacious and safe are continuously sought. The aim of this study was to ascertain the effect of Anonna Muricata leaf extrac...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes oxidative and inflammatory damage on the hippocampus amongst many other tissues of the body. Recent reports from developing countries show a steady increase in diabetes due to sedentary lifestyle changes, diet and weight gain. This study aimed t...

This study was done to determine the subpubic angle and ischiopubic index of indigenous Nigerians and compare their suitability for sexing. It involved 148 anteroposterior pelvic radiographs of adult Nigerians, within the age range of 20-65years. The x-ray films were obtained from the Radiology De...

Burn injury is one of the main causes of death by injury worldwide and healing of burn is still a challenge in modern medicine. Burn can happen in any area and causes dominant changes in the quality of normal tissues. In present studies we investigated the healing effect of camwood ointment on a s...

The study was conducted to evaluate mean nasal indices of Berom adult males and females in Kuru district of Jos South local government area of Plateau State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 314 adult Berom subjects, of which 199 were males and 115 were females. Direct method of...

For a long time, thumbprint has been used as a means of assessing or predicting one's success in life. This study was aimed at determining the relationship of the thumbprint with economic status of businessmen in Kantin Kwari market Kano, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional and involved the c...

Histology of the airways and tissues of the lungs following chronic exposure to formaldehyde was studied in wistar rats. The wistar rats were divided into three groups A, B and C with five animals in each group. Group A served as control with nil exposure while groups B and C were the test groups ...

It is an accepted fact that the facial norms for different ethnic groups can differ widely. So there is need to establish specific anthropometric data for facial study for population with different ethnic background. The aim of this study is to determine the facial characteristics of adult Kalabar...

Anthropometry of the digits, palms and feet provides data that reveals the relative distribution of dermal ridge among people in different geographical zone. Dermatoglyphic pattern of the left hand of Annang ethnic group in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria was carried out to provide dermatoglyphic informa...

This study evaluated the sub-acute effect of African eggplant, bitter leaf plant, and their combination on the antioxidant enzyme activities, histological changes, and weight of the kidney in male Wistar rats. The rats were grouped into four; control group (A) which received no treatment and 3 tes...

The canal body ration measured using the anteroposterior aspect of the vertebral body and the anteroposterior aspect of the vertebral canal is known as the 'Torg-Pavlov ratio' and can be used as a fairly accurate diagnostic tool for vertebral stenosis. Measurements were taken on 188 cervical verte...

Gynaecoid fat distribution refers to fat patterns that accumulate around the hips, buttocks and thighs. This fat distribution is less associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study is determined if there is an association between ABO blood group and gynaecoid fat distribution in mal...

Skin is the largest organ of the body and is known to protect the body from microbes, and helps in thermal regulation. It is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. External factors could be due to dermal application of certain chemicals like hydroquinone and exposure to ultraviolet rays. ...

Nasal index (NI) is a useful anthropometric parameter in forensic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery. It is also useful in classification of race and sex of individuals of unknown identity. Such anatomical documentation is absent among the Yoruba students in the Department of Anatomy, OlabisiOnab...

Anatomically the term “creases” are epidermal flexure lines present on palmar or plantar surfaces and its importance has been widely published. However, despite elaborate literatures on the clinical and anthropological implications of palmar creases there is still dearth of studies providing simpl...

The auditory ossicles (AO) transfer sound vibrations in the tympanic membrane (TM) from the middle ear to the inner ear. These ossicles (malleus, incus & stapes) can be found in the petrous part of the temporal bone (TB). In the TM they form a chain across the tympanic cavity. The present study wa...

Dermatoglyphics, a well-established method for personal identification over some decades can also be used in the diagnosis of varieties of genetic diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the dermatoglyphics of the palm of autistic subjects for diagnostic purpose. The study recruited 100...

Most research work on facial and canthal indices have shown very distinct characteristics across several tribes. These peculiarities are influenced by age, sex, tribe and geographical location. Our aim therefore is to determine the facial and canthal indices in adolescents of Ogoni tribe. This is ...

This study examined the relationship between hand anthropometry and hand dominance among selected Nigerians in the automotive industry. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out on 45 male automotive workers between the ages of 30 – 49, in selected automotive workshops located in the ci...

Studies have shown that musculoskeletal system disorders are one of the most common congenital anomalies. The physical and psychological burden on the child, family, and the society are enormous especially in low-income countries like Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ...

Angular photometric analysis deals with the measurement of the soft tissues of the face using angular parameters. The morphology of the human face varies from person to person and more in populations and ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to determine the facial features and qualities of the ...

The study of head measurements or Cephalometric/Craniometrics demonstrated that head shape varies in different races and population across the world and is related to the cephalic index. Also the cephalic dimensions can be related to other body measurement which is important for Medical, Forensic ...

The understanding of soft tissues profile of the face for a given population is essential to medical specialty involved in the treatment of the face. It enables treatment plan to be formulated to normalize or enhance facial traits for patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the ...

Oblique and transverse craniofacial cleft are very infrequently encountered congenital anomaly. This complex craniofacial entity is mostly linked with developmental anomalies of the first and second branchial arches. The pathophysiology for this special cleft is still not well understood as oppose...

The prevalence of obesity in adolescents and children has risen to alarming level globally and this has led to serious public health consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the use of mid-arm circumference (MAC) and mid-thigh circumference (MTC) in the identification of obesity amongs...

Down's syndrome affects a baby's normal physical development and causes mild to moderate learning difficulties. It is a life-long condition that develops while the baby is still in the uterus. It is characterized by a variable degree of intellectual disability (ID), some effects on health and deve...

The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences (Volume 12 Number 2) has 16 peer-reviewed research articles that cut across different areas of Basic Medical Sciences, most of which are from the various subdisciplines of Anatomy. The publication of the current issue coincides with t...

Cheiloscopy is an investigational technique under forensic science that deals with study of uniqueness of lip prints among individuals. The aim of this work is to study the lip print patterns of Ijesa people in Osun state, Nigeria. The study group comprises of 205 males and 205 females within the ...

Squatting is a resting postural complex that involves hyper-flexion at the hip and knee joints, and hyper-dorsiflexion at the ankle and subtalar joints. There are anatomical variations in talar trochlear extensions across gender, populations and races and the evaluation of these structural variati...

Study of breast cancer biology has been limited due to scarcity of available human samples, cost and preservation of cell lines thus, necessitating the use of chemically-induced rodent models. This study defines a protocol demonstrating that serial transplants obtained from 7,12-DMBA-induced mamma...

Skinfold measurements have long been considered as a valid anthropometric indicator of subcutaneous fat. Nonetheless, percentile ranges for population-based skinfold thicknesses for Nigerian children and adolescents are not available. The present study developed new age- and sex-specific percentil...

Fats consist of a wide group of compounds, which soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water. This study is designed to evaluate the impact of high fat diet on the liver of the adult wistar rats. A total number of fifteen wistar rats with an average weight of 130-150g were purchased from th...

This study assessed the effects of methanol fruit extract of Pheonix dactilyfera and lead acetate on histology of the testes. This work was essential in providing information on interactions between the date palm extract and lead acetate in rat testes. Twenty five male Wistar rats were grouped int...

The aim of this study is to investigate the neurobehavioural changes on the effects of calcium carbide on the hippocampus of adult wistar rats. Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a chemical compound used for a variety of industrial purposes especially in the production of acetylene gas. Itcontains impuriti...

The current study looked at the relationship between body weight and academic performance among students at Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano's Basic Medical Science program. A stratified sampling technique was used to select subjects for a correlational survey study. A total of 162 male and fema...

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that accumulates predominantly in soft tissues and as such is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. The study evaluated the potential protective effects of watermelon seed oil on cadmium-induced toxicity in the cerebrum of mal...

Anatomy is an essential subject in medical and health science programmes. However, it is perhaps the most challenging to students compared to other basic medical science subjects. Although learning anatomy with dissection of cadavers has been the default choice, a range of interactive multimedia d...

Anthropologically,Down syndrome was first described in the medical literature by John Langdon Down in 1866. During this era individuals with cognitive impairment (i.e. mental retardation) were often referred to as ?idiots? and ?imbeciles? and rarely differentiated into subcategories based upon dif...

Sex and stature estimation are important criteria in identifying unknown human skeletal remains. The aim of the study is to generate predictive model for the estimation of sex and stature from odontometry parameters of Eleme ethnic group of Rivers State of Nigeria. This cross-sectional descriptive...

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.Symptoms may also include incr...

Citrus limon products (pulp and peels) have been reported to contain a variety of bio-active ingredients which are believed to have health promoting benefits. This work was carried out with the aim to unmask possible histomorphological evidences that aqueous extracts of Citrus limon peels can miti...

The human head shape is classified by means of the cephalic index. Cephalic index is used to measure the size of the head which is done by determining the ratio of the maximum head breadth to the maximum head length. The present study evaluates the anthropometric comparison of the cephalic indices...

Historical records revealed that leaves of mistletoe plant as well as that of pear tree are used to treat varieties of disorders including diabetes. These leaves are being considered beneficial as dietary supplements because of their anti-diabetic potential. This study seeks to compare the efficac...

The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences has 32 peer-reviewed research articles that cut across different areas of Basic Medical Sciences, most especially Anatomical Sciences and the biography of our dear President-Professor Theresa B. Ekanem whose painful death is still being mou...

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Environmental pollution, stress, lifestyle, infections and several other factors are major aetiological factors of male infertility. To evaluate the effects of oral ingestion of aqueous extract of Syzygium aromaticum (clove buds) on the seminiferous tubules, testicular histology, testosterone leve...

Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri or cervical area. Cervical cancer screening tests are tests carried out to find cervical changes that may lead to cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer in women worldwide and is nearly as common as breast cancer ...

Chrysophyllum albidum leave is one of the common folk medicinal plants used by some rural people in Nigeria. Its effects were study on sex hormones and the histology of the ovary of adult Sprague- Dawley rat. Fifteen female rats of 120-150g were used. The rats were grouped into three of five each....

Build-up of Aluminium within the brain can occur via different routes. Accumulation of aluminium in different forms have been known to trigger neuronal excitotoxicity and hence triggering apoptosis among neuronal cells. The aim of this study was to study the protective effects of eugenol on alumin...

Alcohol is consumed worldwide as a drink by humans. Regular and unlimited use of alcohol leads to toxicity and alcohol-induced pathological problems and can constitute a menace in the society. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of chronic alcohol administration on antioxidant and histo...

The location of the carotid arteries in neck and their important role in the blood supply to head and neck places them in the special interest of researchers, especially on their relationship with the size of the neck. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of the arterial diameters ...

Chronic stress if not manage properly results to major depression disorder which has profound impact on individual's life quality and deeply related to suicide death worldwide. This serious mental disorder is closely linked to the hippocampus due to it functionality in the regulation of cortisol p...

Dermatoglyphics is a term used to describe the epidermal ridge configuration found on the skin surfaces of the digits, palms, toes and soles of the feet. Prints of these ridge patterns are important for identification of an individual's true identity. The present study evaluates the relationship b...

Selectively reduced complex IV activity which causes inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain produces free radicals, diminishes aerobic energy metabolism and causes excitotoxic damage to neurons, leading to neurodegenerative diseases. This study evaluated the putative therapeutic role of...

The shape of the eyebrow and upper eyelid are distinctive facial landmarks. In cosmetic and reconstructive operations, maintenance of the anatomical relations of these landmarks ensures a pleasing postoperative appearance. The appearance of eyebrows and eyelids plays a major part in ethnic identif...

Mercury toxicity has been reported to cause distortion of gait and motor co-ordination due to deficit in the activity of cerebellum. Chelation therapy used in heavy metal toxicity is expensive and has been associated with adverse side effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating t...

Spinal curvature is one of the most significant spine parameters for the evaluation of spinal deformities, providing support to various spine-related clinical measurements and image processing techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine normative reference values of the Cervical Spine C...

The medicinal and therapeutic effects of Aloe Vera has been widely studied. This study investigated the effects of Aloe Vera leaf gel (AVG) on semen parameters and reproductive hormone of Wister rats. Twenty adult male wister rats weighing 120-150grams were divided into 4 groups. Group A received ...

Estimation of the stature from long bones and sex differences has valuable impact in various medico-legal investigations. Differences in stature and bone dimensions exist between populations as a result of genetic differences, isolation, differences in bio-cultural history, geographical climate an...

Lead is a highly toxic substance, exposure to which can produce a wide range of adverse health effects on humans including neurological conditions. Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) is of vast medicinal and nutritious values. This study assessed the neuroprotective effect of methanol fruit pulp extr...

Since stature is being considered as one of the important parameters for personal identification, it is therefore necessary to reconstruct the other body parts for the prediction of human height, to be used in the case of dismembered body, mutilated body or in disease affected body. The aim of thi...

Hyperlipidaemia also called high cholesterol level is an important cause of adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular complications, obesity, metabolic disorders, infertility. Date fruit is rich in phytochemicals such as carotenoids, polyphenols (e.g., phenolic acids, isoflavons, lignans, a...

Pupillary distance (PD) or inter-pupillary distance (IPD) is the distance measured in millimeters between the centers of the pupils of the eyes. The present study evaluates the inter-pupillary distances amongst Madonna University undergraduates of Igbo origin. The sample size comprised of 125 Igbo...

Lead acetate is one of many compounds of lead. This study examined the effects chronic administration of lead acetate on the histology of the cerebellum. Twenty (20) adult Wistar rats of both sexes of weight ranging between 100 g – 150 g were used for the experiment. The animals were kept in the an...

A substantial body of literature have reported findings on facial symmetry and asymmetry and their role in human mate choice. However, major gaps persist, with nearly all data originating from the WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Developed) populations, and results remaining larg...

Annona muricata and Aloe barbadenis miller are multipurpose plants of great economic value, identified to contain different plant phytochemical and biological activities The aim is to study the mitigating effect of Annona muricata extract and aloe barbadenis miller gel on an aluminum induced hepat...

This study evaluated the relationship between the radiogrammetric linear and angular parameters of the cervical vertebrae of healthy adult male and female Nigerian subjects. The research was a cross-sectional study involving radiogrammetric dimensions of the cervical vertebrae obtained from plain ...

Global environmental toxicants including Mercury (Hg) has potential health hazards to both human and animals. The studies investigate role of mercury exposure (ME) and mercury post exposure recovery (MPER) on grip strength and memory of adult Wistar rats. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were divided in...

The hippocampus is one of the most widely studied areas in the brain because of its remarkable neuronal cell plasticity, functional role in memory processing and learning, and its involvement in some neurodegenerative diseases. Despite being one of the most studied areas in the brain, it is not easi...

The COVID-19 virus has been spreading across the globe since late 2019. Originally it was slower to reach Nigeria and Rivers State in particular, but advance more rapidly in 2020, and severely affected patients with difficulty breathing. Most rontline healthcare workers lack Personal Protective Eq...

This study was carried out to determine the qualitative phytochemical screening of Bryophylum pinnatum(BP) using aqueous leaf extract. Fresh leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum were collected from the Botanical garden of the University of Port-Harcourt and were identified and authenticated in the Depar...

Cisplatin (CP) is used in the management of tumours but has side effects mediated in part by oxidative damage which limits its use. The seed extract of Raffia hookeri (SERH) with known antioxidant property was investigated to determine its capability to ameliorate perturbations in rat brain expose...

Cyperus esculentus (Tiger nut milk) is rich in minerals and vitamins essential for body growth, development and improvement of immune functions. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of Cyperus esculentus on cadmium induced toxicity in the liver of adult Wistar ra...

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aqueous leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum on the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex, following administration of extract and Ischaemia induction. Fourty healthy male albino wistar rats were used for this study. The animals were group...

Aluminium phosphide is an inorganic phosphide used to control insects and rodents in a variety of settings. It is soluble in most organic solvents emit a colourless gas and is odourless when pure. Tocopherol is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that can attenuate the effects of peroxide and protect agai...

This study was conducted using the vertebral column, to determine the Lumbosacral angle (LSA) of non-obese male subjects and evaluate its relationship to selected subject specific variables. After obtaining institutional approval, lateral radiographs of one hundred and forty-two informed healthy m...

Many scientific researchers have reported on onion extracts' potent antioxidant property linked to its rich flavonoid compound - quercetin. This study was designed to investigate how raw onion juice supplementation can boost the antioxidant status and improves broncho-alveolar epithelium in adult ...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which is characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative effects of aqueous cinnamon extract and insulin on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in W...

There have been controversies on defined anthropometric indices for the assessment of obesity in pregnant women as certain cut-off values relating to it are influenced by age, sex, ethnicity and trimesters of pregnancy. This study is aimed at investigating the use of anthropometric indices particu...

The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis exerts profound multilevel inhibitory effects on the reproductive system. But it has remained contentious how these connections influence reproduction, especially if vision is impaired or there is a subsisting stress condition. Many works have been carried ou...

Nevirapine is one of the components of Duovir-NTM used for the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this research study was to investigate the potential harmful effects of this drug on the histology of the hippocampus of Wistar rats. Tw...

Increased degenerative changes in the lumbar spine have been linked to various occupations. These alterations have been documented to be associated with low back pain (LBP) amongst actively engaged workers. An experimental cross sectional study was done to determine the Lumbosacral angle of young ...

The present study was conducted to provide base line data of the thoracic pedicle using macerated vertebrae bones. One hundred and eighty thoracic vertebrae were studied by direct measurements for linear dimensions of the Mid- Pedicle Width, Pedicle Length, and Pedicle Height in 15 human cadavers ...

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which is characterized by abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the comparative effects of aqueous cinnamon extract and insulin on the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in W...

Menarche is the time of the first menstrual period. The steady decline in age at menarche among girls was studied in young girls in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State. Two hundred (200) young girls between ages of 9-16years were contacted in the study. Thy were classified thus:- earl...

The possible anti- ulcer effect of Sterculia Septigera on aspirin-induced gastric erosion in wistar rats has been investigated. Twenty five (25) wistar rats weighing between 150 and 200g were used and they were divided into five groups of five animals each. Group A served as control while groups B...

Numerous medicinal plants are of global interest today because of their therapeutic and economic significance. Kigelia africana, is a multipurpose medicinal plant with many attributes and considerable potentials. It is a powerful antioxidant which is rich in flavonoids and steroids. The study was ...

The ovary is the female gonad and it produces sex hormones that are responsible for the release of ovum during the menstrual cycle. Diabetes has been reported to have deleterious effect on the structure and function of the ovary. Mucuna pruriens is a plant that has been reported to have hyperglyce...

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic affecting both Gram- positive and Gram- negative organisms. It is used in many parts of the world for the treatment of life-treating infections including typhoid fever and meningitis. It is a commonly abused drug in Nigeria. The effect of chroni...

Allen's rule predicts that limbs are more elongated under warmer climates and shortened under colder ones. Crural index is assumed to vary from population to population and race to race due to climatic changes. This study seeks to establish crural index in the Urhobo people of Nigerians and see it...

In the present study, we report the relationship between doses of oral lead exposure, duration of exposure, and the hormonal and testicular histomorphometric changes in male Wistar rats at specific stages of postnatal development. Male juvenile Wistar rats (average weight of 34 g) were administere...

Effects of long-term consumption of kunu drinks commonly used as non-alcoholic drinks on the body and brain weights of adult wistar rats was carefully studied. Sixteen adult wistar rats of both sexes with average weight of 180g were randomly assigned into two groups: A and B of (n=8) in each group...

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) subjects have been widely reported to present with various anthropometric deficits compared to their unaffected counterparts. This prospective comparative anatomo-radiologic study was carried out to determine whether there are differences in the morphometry of the frontal s...

Identification of human remains is of high importance in forensic investigation. Estimation of stature is usually based on the mesurement of long bones like femur, tibia, fibular, humerus, ulna and radius which has a particular ratio in the stature of an individual. Since stature estimation is pop...

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) subjects have been widely reported to present with various anthropometric deficits compared to their unaffected counterparts. This prospective comparative anatomo-radiological study was carried out to determine whether there are differences in the morphometry of the sphen...

The cerebellum is vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources such as degenerative diseases, infectious processes and toxins, like, mercury. In traditional medicine, various parts of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) are used to treat disorders, such as, loss of consciousness, nervous disorders...

Plants make an important contribution to health care. This is due to the recognition of the value of traditional medicinal systems. Occimum gratissimum (O. gratissimum) is used in the coastal areas of Nigeria for the treatment of various ailments. This study was done to investigate the morphological...

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of tongue rolling and tongue folding traits among Niger Deltans. The study adopted a cross sectional type of observational research design. Multistage sampling was employed in this study which involved two thousand three hundred and four s...

Tooth loss is mainly attributed to dental caries and periodontal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to tooth loss among Deltans in Nigeria. The multi-stage sampling technique was employed in this cross sectional study. Data were collected through...

The greater sciatic notch as a landmark in sexual dimorphism was tested using various parameters of the sciatic notch. Examination of the male and female greater sciatic notches of the hip bone (oscoxae) was done using 200 radiographs of adult hip bones (one hundred and fifteen females and eighty - ...

Anthropometric measurements are quick and relatively easy to obtain and require inexpensive equipment. Body Mass Index (BMI) is a simple index of weight-for-height that is commonly used to classify underweight, overweight and obesity in adults. Determination...

Acanthus montanus is a herbal remedy for inflammation and Pains. This work studied the structure of the testes and analysed semen parameters in 21 Wistar rats. Eight weeks old rats weighing l 35-l 50g were used. The leaves were dried, ground and extracted using 70% alcohol. Animals were randomly di...

Costus afer is a medicinal plant used as a therapy for diabetes and hypertension. The study investigated the effect of crude ethanolic extract of Costus afer stem and itsjuice on the expression of CK7 cytokeratin protein, histology and some enzymes in the liver. The study is designed to assess possi...

The kidney is one of the target organs of mercury toxicity. Mercuric chloride produces oxidative damage by enhancing peroxidation of membrane lipid. Studies have shown that Solanum gilo has nutritional and medicinal features such as high level of antioxidant compounds. The aim of this study was to...

This study was aimed at determining the effects of moringa oleiferia aqueous leaf on phenylhydrazine-induced anemia and bone marrow toxicity in adult wistar rats. Twenty adult wistar rats weighing between 190 – 230g were used for this study. The animals were obtained and nurtured at the animal hou...

Vernonia amygdalina is used as nutraceutical and in many cultures as edible vegetable, and phytomedicine in the management or treatment of a myriad of ailments including malaria, breast cancer and hypertension. This study was aimed at determining its histomorphological effect on the liver, kidney ...

The reality of a dwindling era of abundance of cadavers is beginning to stare at all of us as anatomists in Nigeria. This is an era where the spirit of prosection needs a rebirth; an era complexed with the growing need for plastination; an era faced with an unprecedented increase in the number of ...

The medicinal plant investigated in this study was Luffa aergyptiaca Mill. The leaves of the plants were collected from their natural habitat in Khana Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria.The plant sample was identified by a Herbarium, in the department of Plant Science,University of Por...

The neuro-behavioural responses to luffa aergyptiaca mill on mefloquine-induced seizure was investigated in rats. Thirty (30) Albino Wistar rats Weighing (190-250g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups with five rats in each group. Group one was control. Group two was induced with mefloquine only (...

An abnormal uterine bleed is an indication of a possible hormonal or structural defect in the reproductive system. This anomaly may be evident in examination of the endometrial extracts and knowing the common gynecological disorders associated with abnormal uterine bleeding may aid prompt manageme...

We carried out a study on the exit pattern of the Sciatic nerve in a sample of Nigerian cadavers. Two hundred and eighty two (282) gluteal regions from one hundred and forty one (141) cadavers were dissected using the protocols designed in Cunningham's dissection manual (15th Edition) and Finley's...

Stature of an individual is an important parameter of personal identification. This study was carried out to device a method of estimating stature of subjects of Igbo origin using 2nd and fourth digit lengths. In this study stature was estimated in Igbos from the bilateral measurement of length of...

This study was carried out to determine the average value for the stature, thigh length and thigh length to stature ratio of the Yoruba ethnic group. It was also carried out to determine the correlation between the stature and thigh length, and to establish a formulae for estimation of height usin...

A falling tree makes no noise in the forest when nobody is there to hear it; it's high time we spoke out for the overall development of our profession, Anatomy. For any person to come up with correct diagnose of a medical condition, he must have good knowledge of Anatomy. In as much as the roles o...

Damage to the cellular components of the cerebellum, altered motor coordination and ataxia has not been reported as findings in studies addressing lead-induced toxicity in experimental studies. This study aimed at finding out the effects of lead exposure on the cellular profile of the cerebellum and...

The effect of ethanolic root extract of Rauwolfia vomituria on the histology of the testes of adult male wistar rat was investigated. The experiment was carried out using thirty (30) male wistar rats weighing between 180g to 220g. The animals were divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each group. G...

This study determined which central adiposity measure can better predict percent body fat (PBF) and Body mass index and the incidence of obesity, overweight , normal weight and underweight in women from Rivers and Kaduna, Nigeria.A total of 788 (Rivers state, n=401 and Kaduna, n=387) apparently he...

The medical screening of new students into the Nigerian universities includes a routine chest radiograph which aims at identifying infectious processes mainly and other abnormalities. The important question -is how relevant is this practice?. This study aims at evaluating the relevance of the rout...

Vitamin A is a commonly consumed vitamin in raw foods and in form of supplement. Previous researches showed that single doses of this vitamin when administered at targeted gestation periods produced varying degrees of congenital malformations in different organs in the pups of rats including the b...

Hypertension is a medical condition that does not have specific clinical manifestations until organ damage is set-in and its prevalence is said to be highest in Africa. The objective of this study is to assess and compare vascular reactivity in normotensive male and female Nigerians in order to scre...

This study is aimed at establishing standards for the inner and outer intercanthal distances, documenting the anthropometric variation with advancing age and determining the extent of sexual dimorphism of these parameters among the Bura ethnic group of North Eastern Nigeria. This was a cross secti...

The maturation of a child's bones as it grows to adulthood can be viewed radiological. The skeletal age (bone age) is the average age at which a particular stage of bone maturation is achieved. The Greulich and Pyle standard is the commonest method used to assess the skeletal age using the hand and ...

The morphometry of the cervical spine is of clinical importance in traumatic, degenerative and inflammatory conditions. For example a small diameter has been associated with an increase of injury mainly in athletes who participate in contact or collision sports. Before abnormal spinal morphometry ...

This study assessed the cyanide induced thyrotoxic state by oxidative stress on the thyroid gland. Twelve (12) first filial (F1) generation in bred adult male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into two groups. Group I received 0.25M sucrose while Group II received 20mg/KgBW of potassiu...

Anatomy” – Act Cap 17, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria is an act made in 1933 to regulate Schools of Anatomy in Nigeria. It is arranged in twelve (12) sections, makes room for the practice of anatomy in Nigeria and makes lawful for anatomy practitioners to be licensed by the Minister of Health t...

Injury to the Sciatic nerve as a result of intragluteal injections is quite common but avoidable. This study aimed to provide a safe alternative to the traditional dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal injection sites. Eighty four (84) gluteal regions from forty two (42) cadavers were dissected following...

Ovarian tumours continue to be one of the leading gynaecological conditions in Nigeria. These are associated with late presentation and poor outcome in the event of malignancy.To ascertain the prevalence, clinical and pathological features of ovarian tumours at the University of Port Harcourt Teac...

This study investigated the national health status of adults in Owerri Municipal L.G.A. Imo State, Nigeria, as indicated by their body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR). 100 subjects comprising 50 male and 50 female adults were recruited for the study. Using standard procedures, their ...

This study was carried out to determine the average value for the stature, arm span and arm span stature ratio of the Esan ethnic group. It was also carried out to determine the correlation between the stature and arm span, and to establish a formulae for estimation of height using the armspan of ...

The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences contains 31 peer-reviewed research articles that cut across different areas of Anatomical Sciences and two biographies of our departed Colleagues - Emeritus Professor Dorothea Lillian Baxter-Grillo and Professor Musa Baba Tanko Umar. O...

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Minor variations between the left and right sides of all human faces exist and are considered normal. These are called asymmetries and result from the effects of genes or environment on the developing face. The environmental factors include but not limited to socioeconomic status and its influence...

Diabetic kidney disease accounts for more than 40% of all end stage kidney disease (ESKD) in the United States and the world at large. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and biochemical effects of magnesium and melatonin on the kidney of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. To...

Forensic investigation is very crucial towards attaining a crime free society and identification of humans in disaster related issues. This aimed at determining sex from handprints dimensions. The handprint were taken from 232 subjects (102 males and 130 females) aged between 18-45 years, whose pa...

Exposure to toxicants in-utero could lead to teratogenic malformation including neurodegeneration. Aluminium, a neurotoxin causes the release of free radicals which results in disrupted homeostasis however, its mechanism of action is not fully established. The present study was designed to investi...

Khaya senegalenesis is the most popular African medicinal meliaceous plants used traditionally in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to investigate the neuroregenerative effects of Khaya senegalenesis bark extract on cerebral ischemia in adult wistar rats. Twentyfive a...

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, second only to cataract and as such, a source of major public health concern. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between intraocular pressure and waist hip ratio for patients with glaucoma and compare data with non-glauco...

The decision to predict students' performance in a course creates an opportunity to improve educational outcome. This present study was aimed to derive an equation (if any) for predicting the professional examination performance in Anatomy of students' from their continuous assessment scores. One ...

The activities of Lead, a quite extensively studied environmental and occupational heavy metal, is been desired by several as a means of income, creating boundless possibility for it neurotoxic effect which is more pronounce in children neuropsychological development. Niazimicin (Nz), an isolate o...

Anatomy is one of the oldest disciplines in the world and an essential component of all the professional degrees, including Medicine, Dentistry Nursing Pharmacy, and Physiotherapy. Undoubtedly undergraduate anatomy education is on the decline globally [1-3] albeit, more in the developed countries th...

The consumption of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HH) is of public health interest since preparations from them are highly promoted, especially in South Africa as agents that can also enhance immunity in HIV/AIDS patients. This study was designed to investigate the effect of this herb compared to highly ...

The hypoglycaemic property of ethanolic leaves extract of Costusaferkergawl on the pancreas of alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats was evaluated to unravel the basis for its use in diabetes. Twenty-five male wistar rats weighing 180-200g were equally distributed into five groups of five rats desi...

The present study investigated the effects of Calabash Chalk on the histoarchitecture of the ovary and the uterus of adult wistar rats. Twenty one female wistar rats weighing between 180-200g were used for this study. All the animals were housed properly and fed with feed and water ad libitum. Dai...

Angular facial analysis is important in human identification and for use between populations. The aim of this study was to determine the facial norms of the Isoko people by using facial analysis. A total number of 180 subjects comprising 90 males and 90 females of Isoko origin were recruited for t...

Utilizing prints as a means of identification is one of the widespread methods in forensic anthropology and the most popular is fingerprint. The study aimed at investigating fingerprint patterns of individuals from Delta State, Nigeria. Participants were 85males and females each respectively. Fing...

Chronic aluminum toxicity induces cellular alterations and oxidative stress thereby causing neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. This study elucidated the neuroprotective efficacy of Moringa oleifera (MO) on aluminum-chloride (AlCl ) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) in adult Wi...

There have recently been debates as to whether anatomy is a science or a profession and yearnings for professionalism of Anatomy in Nigeria by students, graduates and some teachers of anatomy. The call by many, taking an evidently up-roaring dimension, is...

The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length (2D:4D), systemizing quotient (SQ) and empathizing quotient (EQ) are commonly put forth as correlates of prenatal testosterone. This present study investigated the relationship between (2D:4D), systemizing quotient (SQ) and empathizing quotient (EQ) of Asholio ...

The practice of embalming putrefying bodies involves the restoration of body features damaged by diseases or accidents of different forms and it requires special skill or training. The present study was designed to investigate the embalming techniques (methods), storage (post mortem management) pr...

Cuprizone is a copper chelator and a drug of choice in studing demyelination/remyelination in the central nervous system. This study assessed the effect of Kolaviron, on cuprizone-induced damage to the cerebellum of Wistar rat. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were grouped into 5: Group A receiv...

Midline diastema is the space between the mesial surfaces of central incisors greater than 0.5mm. The prevalence of midline diastema varies greatly with age, gender and race. The present study was conducted to establish the prevalence and inheritance pattern of natural midline diastema among the Ij...

Measurement of renal dimensions is essential in making decisions for renal transplant, avoiding or commencement of immunosuppressive therapy, renal biopsy and in monitoring and prognosticating disease progression or stability.The present study was designed to establish normative baseline renal siz...

This study described the morphologic and microscopic features of the adrenal glands of Cricetomys gambianus (African giant rat, AGR).Twenty (20) wild AGR comprising often males and ten females were used for this study. The AGR were euthanized and adrenal glands harvested and ...

Epilepsy is the most common neurologic diseases in developing countries including Nigeria. It is an important health problem in these countries, where its prevalence can be up to 57 per 1000 population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in Port Harcourt, Rivers State,...

Cephalic Index is an important parameter for deciding the age, sex and race of an individual whose identity is unknown. This study determined the mean cephalic index of 500 children and adolescents of the Yakurr people of Cross River State, Nigeria. Male and female su...

Rauwoifia vomitoria (Rv) has been reported to cause neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of experimental Wistar rats. Here we report the effect of varying concentrations ofRv on the haematological indices, hippocampal histology and immunohistochemistry ofWistar rats. Twenty (20) r...

Metric knowledge of the structural arrangement of the proximal os femora is an important tool in the design and development of implants of articulating bones of the coxal joint. The aim of this study was to provide baseline morphometric data of the upper extremity of the femur of Nigerian popul...

Reliable measurement of genomic DNA quantity and quality is a fundamental variable in diabetic research. The aim of the research was to evaluate the quantity and quality of dsDNA in the liver of type 2 induced diabetic rats after treatment with aqueous extract ofSaccharum officinarum stem bark. 25 ...

The effect of ethanolic leave extract of Nauclea latifolia and Artemether-Lumfantrine was investigated in a suppressive model of malaria on the hippocampus of Swiss albino mice. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with P berghei 1 x 107 parasites, and then treated within an hour with Na...

The Morpho-metrical profile of the kidney and the BMI correlation in Normal Adult is a study which determines the normal range of values of kidney dimensions in 202 healthy Port Harcourt metropolitans (102 male; 100 female) who were 20- 70 years of age. Mean age 46 ± 21.2 years; 46...

Radiogrammetry of the axial relationship of the articulating bones of the normal hip joint has important clinical and medicolegal implications. This study is aimed to measure and provide normative values of the angular morphometric parameters needed to underst...

The dependence of morphometric values of human parts is very obvious in the construction, replacement and treatment of affected body parts, be it bones or soft tissues. The purpose of this study is to radiologically analyze the clavicular length variation and to extensively evaluate its application...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic effect of Chrysophyllum albidum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats (l 70-200g) were used, of which twenty rats were randomised into four groups (n= 5). Group A re...

Fingerprint minutiae show great individuality in different populations and also been considered as a basic feature used for identification in the field of Human Biology. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency distribution, sexual dimorphism and sex discriminating features using thumbprin...

This study was targeted at investing the effects of Moringa oleifera seed oil in cadmium and herbal alcoholic beverage induced haematological disorders in Wistar rats. The investigated haematological parameters included haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HGB), lymphocytes (LYM), mean corpuscular haem...

The Estimation Of Sex And Stature Is Important In Establishing A Biological Profile For Personal Identification For Medico-Legal Purposes, Mostly When Body Parts Are Found Dismembered Or Mutilated. This Study Aimed To Measure Anthropometric Foot Parameters Of Adult Male And Female Cross River Stat...

During routine dissection for medical students at the Department of Anatomy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, an adult male cadaver was found with an unusual, unilateral, long cylindrical muscle mass, within a separate fascial sheet, at the back of the left shoulder, extending from th...

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a long acting reversible hormonal contraceptive that is injected every three months. It is marketed under the brand name Depo-Provera and it is believed to have an abortifacient property. The aim therefore was to evaluate the abortifacient capacity of De...

Flatfoot or pes planus is defined subjectively as a weight-bearing foot with an abnormally low or absent longitudinal arch. It has been observed to be the most common foot pathology not only in patients of all ages in general but in pediatric, orthopedic practice in particular. The medial longitud...

Exclusive breastfeeding has been linked to many positive health outcomes, yet its widespread adoption as the primary mode of providing nutrition to infants remains challenging. The most common reported reason for early breastfeeding cessation is perception of inadequate milk production. Therapeuti...

The anthropometric study of the index and ring fingers of the lgala ethnic group of Nigeria was carried out to determine the values of the 2ndand 4thdigit ratios and to see their correlation with other anthropometric variables. Six hundred and two adolescents secondary school students between the ...

This study investigated the effects of Parkia clappertoniana (PC) on the hippocampal structure and functions in Lithium Chloride-Pilocarpine-induced Epilepsy in Wistar rat Model. A total of 36 adult male Wistar rats were used for this study and divided into groups A to F, group A (Control), B (200...

The estimation of standing height (stretched stature) is considered as one of the important parameters in the identification of a person. The aim of this research is to correlate and estimate Standing height using sitting height amongst indigenes of Northern Senatorial district of Cross River Stat...

In developing countries traditional medicine still plays an important role in local health care systems. Estimation has shown that up to 80% of some Asian and African countries depend on traditional medicine for their health care needs. Vernonia amygdalina has been reported to show a significant i...

Recent findings show conflicting evidences of both beneficial and deleterious effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Ascorbic acid (ACA) is a source of antioxidant. This study seeks to examine the role of iNOS in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver damage following treatment with ACA. Twe...

This study evaluated the nephroprotective and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx (HSCE) on normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of 80 mg/kg b.w. St...

The study was carried out to compare the carrying angle of athletes in selected sports and non-athletes in South- South and South-East Nigeria, from age 22 to 36years old. Measurements were done using universal goniometer and flexible curve. A total of four hundred and seventy-two (472) males (140...

This study examined gross morphology and osteometry of vertebrae [lumbar (L), sacrum (S) and coccygeal (C)] and pelvic bones of male New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolaguscuniculus) and their clinical relevance. Ten healthy male rabbits weighing between 2.8-3.2kgwere used. The animals were sacrifi...

Dermatoglyphics is the study of the configuration of epidermal ridges of the volar surfaces of palms, fingers, soles and toes. This study on digital dermatoglyphic patterns of Ibibio ethnic group of Akwa Ibom State was aimed at analyzing the dermatoglyphic patterns present on the fingers of the Ib...

The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences contains 17 peer-reviewed research articles that cut across different areas of Anatomical Sciences and 47 conference proceedings (oral presentations) of the 16th Annual Scientific Conference of the Anatomical Society of Nigeria held in Cala...

Blacks have a delayed ability to excrete salt when compared with whites despite comparable levels of renal function. The basis is not fully understood. Salt retention is a major cause of hypertension. This study aimed to assess and compare renin, angiotensin II, aldosterone and atrial natriuretic p...

Epilepsy is the third most common neurologic disorder, following stroke and Alzheimer's disease. It affects an estimated 1% of the world's population and has no respect for age and gender. This study was designed to examine the histomorphology of neurons in the different sub-fields of the hippocam...

This study was conducted to investigate the risk of hypertension in female adult staff of FUTA using Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) as indicators. Three hundred female adults were included in this study. With the use of standard anthropometric procedures, their height, weight, ...

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most occurred neoplasm of the eye in children arising from immature retina cells in one or both eyes, presenting about 3% of all childhood malignancies , hence therapeutic approaches need to consider the cure of the disease and preserve vision with minimal longterm side ...

Male infertility index due to heavy metal poison has increased over the year in Nigeria. Annona muricata and Aloe barbadensis miller are known for their rich medicinal value. The aim was to investigate the mitigating effect of annona muricata fruit-extract and aloe berbadensis miller gel with the ...

Hydrocephalus is known to result in neuronal degeneration which have been attributed to cognitive and motor deficit associated with the disease. Delay in surgical intervention owing to poor infrastructure, inadequate manpower and a state of denial necessitated the search for neuroprotective plant ...

The usefulness of Prosopis africana in many parts of Africa is diverse and its therapeutic uses are well known. Theaims of the study is to determine the effect of varying doses of ethanolic stem-bark extract ofProsopis africana on the ovary of wistar rats, with the objective on histology and hormo...

The obliquity of the ulnar shaft to the trochlea notch which fits the trochlea and the tilted inferior sharp ridge of the medial trochlea of the humerus are the cause of the carrying angle. This study was undertaken to determine the normal carrying angle of the elbow joint among Ukwuani children i...

Persea americana is used in the treatment of several diseases, therefore this study is aimed at determining the effects of 30 day administration of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Persea americana plant on the kidney of Wistar rats. 30 adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the unfavourable intrauterine environments in which foetus grow and this predisposes them to various abnormalities. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Moringa oleifera extract on foetal growth parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats...

In this study we evaluated the changes in the pancreatic islet volume of diabetic rats following treatment with aqueous extract of Tectona grandis (teak) leaves. 25 apparently healthy young male Wistar rats divided into five (5) groups (normal control, diabetic control and three treatment groups) ...

Amplification of human mitochondrial DNA have been widely used in population genetics in human evolutionary and molecular anthropology studies. Mitochondrial DNA HVSI was shown to be a suitable tool in genetic analysis due to the unique properties of the mitochondrial DNA, such as the lack of reco...

The use of plant materials as natural source in the discovery and development of active compounds in drug formulation is receiving increased attention particularly in Africa because of ease of availability and access, and interest in natural drug products. Moringa oleifera is one of such popular m...

The mtDNA variation of 40 individuals (Asholio and Atakar) from Southern Kaduna, in Northern Nigeria, were examined by high-resolution RFLP analysis. The resulting data were combined with published RFLP haplotype from sub-Saharan African populations and then were subjected to phylogenetic analysis...

Anatomical awareness of different femoral dimensions is important in anthropological and medicolegal practice for sex/racial determination and as well as to radiologist, rheumatologist and orthopedic surgeons for diagnosis and planning of treatment. Morphology and statistical analysis of femoral a...

Ipomoea batatasaqueous leaves extract is found to have medicinal flavonoids. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Ipomoea batatasaqueous leaves extract on Ammonium chloride induced kidney damage on adult Wistar rats. Thirty (30) rats were used for this study. The animals were grou...

This study aimed at determining the anthropometric measurements of the It was carried out by measuring the digit length of 350 volunteers consisting of 175 males and 175 female hand-sports participants (i.e. Basketball, Volleyball, Table tennis, Lawn tennis and Badminton) non-hand sport participa...

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The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences contains 22 reports of well researched and reviewed scientific papers that will appeal to many readers of the journal. Most articles are from the major areas of Anatomical Sciences. There is a good spread of local and foreign papers. This ...

Hyperprolactinaemia affects about one-third of infertile women worldwide. The major hormonal implication seen during hyperprolactinaemia is low production of estrogen as prolactin is reported to inhibit follicular estradiol production in the ovary. The water from an immature green coconut fruit co...

Body adiposity measures and the ratio of the second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) of the hand is documented to exhibit strong relationship with cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRF). High blood pressure is a hall mark of CMRF. Globally, the predictors of CMRF do not demonstrate universal validity across ...

Male reproductive capacity continues to be adversely affected by environmental, industrial and pharmaceutical toxins. The producing power of sperm cells in the testis and the sperm modification activities in the epididymis are fundamental in establishing male capacity to reproduce itself. Medicina...

The objective of this study was to derive a population-specific normogram for Achilles tendon in Nigeria and to determine its variation with age, gender and body mass index (BMI). This was a prospective cross sectional study of 154 subjects in a health facility in Lagos, South West Nigeria. With e...

Acute pancreatitis has been reported during and after malaria treatment. This study characterized the effects of six artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) on the blood glucose, pancreas histology and insulin immunolocalization in a curative malaria model. Forty male Swiss adult mice were ...

The histological and immunohistochemical assessment of the effects of co-administration of Allium sativum ethanolic extract and Vitamin C on the medial prefrontal cortex of mercuric chloride induced neurotoxicity model Wistar rats was investigated. Thirty-five adult Wistar rats weighing 150 - 180 ...

Afang (Gnetum africanum) leaves are largely consumed as vegetable in Africa. The present study explore the hepatotoxicity of aqueous extract of Gnetum africanum on the liver and liver enzymes of adult Wistar rats. Fifteen (15) adult wistar rats weighing between 120 -150g were assigned into 3 group...

The consumption of nicotine through smoking is a serious public health issue. Nicotine is associated with infertility and the alteration of spermatogenesis and metabolism of male reproductive hormones. Testosterone propionate is a testosterone ester with great potency relative to testosterone. This ...

There are a myriad of energy drink brands and this depicts both their popularity and the size of the available market. However, numerous adverse effects have come to be associated with their consumption. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the consumption of energy drinks on t...

C-line termination patterns have been found to be of great importance in population studies. However, recent studies also revealed its usefulness in the diagnosis of some genetic diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the C-line termination patterns of autistic subjects in Nigeria as compared wi...

This study investigated the effect of Garcinia kola seed on the mammary gland of adult female Wistar rats. Twenty five adult female Wistar rats with average weight of 170g were used for this study. They were divided into five groups (A-E) of five animals each; all animals were given rat feed and wat...

Dermatoglyphic studied epidermal configurations on the fingers and palms of the hands; the toes and the soles of the feet. Once these skin ridges are formed in the mother's womb, remain persistent until decomposition in the tomb. This study therefore, aimed at analyzing the qualitative dermatoglyp...

Insulin is not just a peripheral hormone but it's present in the brain and has its receptors distributed unevenly throughout the brain. It crosses the Blood Brain Barrier-BBB through a saturable transport mechanism. It has independent functions in the periphery and brain & leads parallel lives. It...

Background: Sex, age, stature, and ancestry are considered the pillars of identity and primary characteristics determined to establish the biological profile of an individual. Forensic podiatry, a novel research area of anthropometry involving identification of human subjects and artifacts such as f...

Jatropha curcas is a flowering plant used locally for treatment of skin lesions, wounds, oral candidiasis and as a purgative. This study is aimed at evaluating the systemic effects of Jatropha curcas sap on the full blood count parameters and renal function following topical application on intact ...

Cranial capacity, body mass index, age of various population groups have always been estimated in numerous reports but are hardly pull together to study their relationship with academic performance of students. The study was aimed at identifying the relationship between cranial capacity, body mass...

This work was carried out to determine the average length and mid shaft diameter of the clavicle; to determine the correlation between the Clavicular length and mid shaft diameter of the clavicle on both right and left sides of the clavicle of adults in Rivers State. This work also seeks to establ...

This study investigated the effect of Garcinia kola seed on the mammary gland of adult female Wistar rats. Twenty five adult female Wistar rats with average weight of 170g were used for this study. They were divided into five groups (A-E) of five animals each; all animals were given rat feed and w...

Aigbogun et al. in 2018 introduced a new classification with a wide range of application in anthropological research. This study, therefore, evaluated the distribution of finger friction ridges among University of Port Harcourt students; with the aim validating the assumption of sexual dimorphism ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the linear body anthropometry of Ijaws of southern Nigeria for future standardisation of three-dimensional negroid gross anatomical model. The research design was a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The study made use of a total number of four hundred...

Impacts of cryptorchidism and dexamethasone (Corticosterone analogue drug) as forms of stressors on the testicular integrity of adult wistar rats were investigated in this study. Several forms of stressors had been implicated in male infertility as the hallmark consequence of hormonal dysfunction,...

The attendant overcrowding in dissecting rooms and difficulty in procurement and preservation of cadavers, variations present in cadaveric specimen and the need to learn layout to recreate common surgical operations were the reasons for which the concept of anatomical modeling was opted for. The aim...

The pelvic urethra is the most complex apportion of the human urethra, which passes through the prostate and the urogenital diaphragm. The aim of the present study is to examine the origin and distribution of tributary arteries of this portion of the male urethra. This was an observational, prospe...

The morphology of the human face varies with individuals and even more with races and ethnic group. The study was aimed at to ascertain the variations of facial anthropometry among Hausa ethnic group at Tarauni local government, Kano state using the facial linear dimensions. The objectives of the ...

Breast cancers are malignant tumours of the breast that are exceedingly common all over the world. It has been estimated that 1 in 10 women develops the disease in her life-time1. In Nigeria, breast cancer is the commonest cancer among the females2. The importance of awareness of breast cancer, pr...

The effects of methanolic extract of pulverized Vitelleria paradoxum on the kidney were investigated. The plant is known for its exotic medicinal use; as a source of oil and herbal formulations for treating skin diseases and ailments such as sprains and diarrhoea in West Africa. Twenty-Eight (28) ...

The concept of anatomical modelling was brought to the fore as a result of difficulty in procurement and preservation of cadavers and the attendant overcrowding in dissecting rooms, variations present in cadaveric specimen and the need to learn layout to recreate common surgical operations. This stu...

Pregnancy spans from conception till birth. Drugs and substances administered during pregnancy have the potential to reach the brain by crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB). Kolaviron has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effe...

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are very common amongst teachers. According to previous studies, MSD decrease productivity at work due to sick leave, absenteeism and early retirement; and are also costly in terms of treatment. This study investigated the correlation between Anthropometric indices...

The period of conception to child birth is a very sensitive period and occurs naturally without any interference but the food or drinks consumed during this period has a major role to play on the developmental stages of the fetus either positively or negatively. Hence, the critical study on some h...

Background: Femoral fractures are common injuries that affect people of all ages in most populated cities as a result of commercial activities in these areas. This study aimed at determining the patterns of femoral fractures in Ughelli North Local Government Area. Materials and Methods: It adopted...

The heart as it is one of the major organs that sustain the part of human body because the contractility of its muscles helps to supply blood that maintains them. To investigate the effects of lead acetate on the cardiac muscles and the potency of the extract of Ficus vogelii as a useful herb. The...

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injury or pain affecting the musculoskeletal system. According to previous studies, MSD decrease productivity at work due to sick leave, absenteeism and early retirement, and are also costly in terms of treatment. This study assessed work-related physical activ...

Consumption of fructose, widely used in food processing including soft drinks, has been associated with the occurrence of prediabetes and its complications. This has greatly contributed to the rapid increase in the number of people living with Diabetes Mellitus globally. Senna siamea, a tropical p...

Palmer dermatoglyphics is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive anatomical procedure which may be used as a reliable indicator for screening of high risk population in a developing country like India. Bronchial asthma is influenced by genetic factors and the present study was carried out to show ...

This study was done to evaluate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) duration and selected anthropometric parameters. A total of 990 Participants, comprising 685 male and 305 female subjects were recruited by convenient purposive sampling method after detailed explanation of research proce...

Person with insomnia have symptoms such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up often during the night and having trouble going back to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, feeling tired upon waking. The aim of this research was to investigate wistar rats' neurobehavioural activities that have...

The carrying angle is the angle (in the sagittal plane) formed by the axes of the arm and the forearm, with the elbow in full extension. Females have wider carrying angle due to a wider hip design for obstetric reasons. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between carrying angle ...

Lead (Pb2+) is a toxic heavy metal, unsafe even in small amounts. This study evaluated the histological and biochemical effects of lead acetate at different durations and dose on the liver of Wistar rats of both sexes. Thirty-Six (36) adult Wistar rats, were categorized into six groups, with each g...

Understanding the morphometry of human skeleton is requisite in anatomical sciences and in the anticipation and management of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures. This study is aimed at developing proximal morphometric parameters that will conform to the biomechanical and anatomical features of ...

Cassava is a root vegetable widely consumed in developing countries. It provides some important nutrients and resistant starch, which may have health benefits. Cassava can have dangerous effects too, especially if it is eaten raw and in large quantities. Of immense significance is the presence of c...