Accuracy of self-reported anthropometric data among young adults: a comparative analysis of gender-based reporting bias

Self-reported anthropometric data are widely used in public health for convenience and cost-effectiveness, yet gender-specific reporting biases raise accuracy concerns among young adults in Abakaliki, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, recruiting 240 participants (120 males, 120 females) aged 18–30 years through stratified random sampling. Participants first reported their anthropometric values, followed by standardized direct measurements. Paired sample t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate differences and associations between self-reported and measured values, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results showed that males slightly over-reported height (171.76 ± 10.47 vs 170.77 ± 10.45 cm; mean difference 0.99 ± 1.38 cm, t = 7.86, p < 0.001, r = 0.98) and under-reported hip girth (103.44 ± 8.02 vs 106.34 ± 7.95 cm; mean difference -2.90 ± 4.74 cm, t = -6.70, p < 0.001, r = 0.95). Females over-reported height (171.53 ± 13.83 vs 168.57 ± 13.76 cm; mean difference 2.96 ± 3.42 cm, t = 9.54, p < 0.001, r = 0.95) and under-reported weight (74.15 ± 15.03 vs 77.15 ± 15.03 kg; mean difference -3.00 ± 15.03 kg, t = -2.18, p = 0.031, r = 0.82). Waist girth differences were minimal and not statistically significant. Females showed greater variability in self-reported waist and hip measurements, highlighting pronounced gender-based reporting biases. Direct measurements or validated correction factors are recommended to ensure accurate public health assessments.

Key Words: Self-reported anthropometry, gender bias, body measurement accuracy, young adults, public health surveillance