Hysterosalpingogram Outcomes in Women with Infertility attending the Gynecological clinic of a public tertiary health institution in North Central Nigeria: A 3-year retrospective review

There is a growing global trend in infertility, with the majority of the burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Structural damage to the reproductive tract from infection and complications from unsafe procedures has been implicated. Hysterosalpingography is readily available and relatively affordable for assessing the degree of obstruction in these structures, and it remains a dependable tool despite the advent of more advanced radiological tests. The study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of hysterosalpingograms in women with infertility by assessing the structural abnormality of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and the cervix at a public health institution in North Central Nigeria. A retrospective cross-sectional study evaluating the outcomes of hysterosalpingography (HSG) among infertile women attending the gynecological clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) over 3 years, from January 2022 to December 2024. Relevant data were collected from available records, coded, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0, and the results were presented in frequency tables. During the period, 102 records of infertile women who underwent HSG were reviewed, with ages ranging from 21 to 45 years. The majority of women were married and nulliparous. About 52% had undergone previous surgery/procedures, and secondary infertility was more common than primary. Uterine fibroids (31.4%) were the most common finding on HSG; 27.5% had some form of tubal blockage, and 25.5% had pelvic adhesions. Hysterosalpingogram is a valuable diagnostic tool in infertility work-up, helping to identify possible etiologies and guide clinical decisions.

Key Words: Infertility, hysterosalpingography, tubal obstruction