Epilepsy is the most common neurologic diseases in developing countries including Nigeria. It is an important health problem in these countries, where its prevalence can be up to 57 per 1000 population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of epilepsy in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria from 2010-2015. The study was analytical in design, retrospective in approach. Hospital records were accessed and epilepsy case files were reviewed and recorded. A total of 1179 epilepsy case files were found and reviewed. The prevalence was then calculated and expressed per 1000 of the population. The outcome of the research reported a prevalence rate of 0.8/1000 (at CI=95%, 0.29-1.31). 60.39% of the cases were males and 39.61 % were females. Highest percentage of the cases were within the age group 21-30 (33.08%) and the lowest percentage were within the elderly 61 and above. Almost half of the epileptic cases were students (49.19%), 28.84% of the cases were working and 21.97% of the cases neither work nor school. Psychosis was reported in 7.8% of the cases and 57.61% of the psychosis cases were males while 42.39% were females. The prevalence rate of epilepsy in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria from 2010-2015 is low compared to those of developing countries. The low prevalence might be as a result of the many health Institutions in the city....
Cephalic Index is an important parameter for deciding the age, sex and race of an individual whose identity is unknown. This study determined the mean cephalic index of 500 children and adolescents of the Yakurr people of Cross River State, Nigeria. Male and female subjects with no anomalies in their facial features and head circumference were randomly selected from schools in Yakurr Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria; ages ranging from 3 to 18 years (250 males and 250 females). Sex variation in the values of the cephalic index was determined. The result of the study showed that the mean cephalic index of Yakurr male subjects is 80. 90- + l.96 while that for females is 80.54-+ 1.22.Therefore the Yakurr people of Cross River State have brachycephalic head shape. Statistical analysis (using the z score) demonstrates that males had significantly higher values than females (P...
Rauwoifia vomitoria (Rv) has been reported to cause neurodegeneration in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of experimental Wistar rats. Here we report the effect of varying concentrations ofRv on the haematological indices, hippocampal histology and immunohistochemistry ofWistar rats. Twenty (20) rats randomized into four groups of five rats received 20% of tween 80 1 ml (control) and Rv 100 mg, 200 mg and 300 mg per kilogram body weight of rats respectively (treatment groups) for fourteen days via orogavage. Results show that MCV was significantly (p...
Metric knowledge of the structural arrangement of the proximal os femora is an important tool in the design and development of implants of articulating bones of the coxal joint. The aim of this study was to provide baseline morphometric data of the upper extremity of the femur of Nigerian population. A total of 1,699 normal anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis ofNigerians were used from Radiology Departments of selected hospitals in Nigeria. From the obtained radiographs, femoral neck axis length (FAL), femoral neck width (FW), femoral head width (HW), intertrochanteric width (TW), and femoral neck-femoral shaft angle (FNSA) were measured using goniometers and digital venier calipers. Results obtained showed that dissimilarities are present in the mean values ofthe measured parameters within and across populations. The mean±SEM value for FAL, FW, HW,TW, and FNSA are 108.30±0.47mm & 108.21±0.48mm, 37.75±0.22mm & 37.33±0.2lmm, 53.87±0.24mm & 53.74±0.22mm, 75.56±0.42mm & 75.72±0.43mm, 134.01±0.32° & 133.84±0.30° and 103.77±0.36mm & 103.78±0.41mm, 34.83±0.17mm & 35.09±0.17mm, 49.90±0.19mm & 49.84±0.20mm 71.65±0.32 & 71.11±0.32mm, and 132.38±0.31° & 131.96±0.26° for male left & right sides and female left & right sides respectively. Also, highly significant (p...
Reliable measurement of genomic DNA quantity and quality is a fundamental variable in diabetic research. The aim of the research was to evaluate the quantity and quality of dsDNA in the liver of type 2 induced diabetic rats after treatment with aqueous extract ofSaccharum officinarum stem bark. 25 apparently healthy young male rats (5-6 weeks old; weighing between 40-60g) were procured for the study. Diabetes was induced via high fat diet feeding for 12 weeks followed by STZ injection (40 mg/kg bw). 15 rats were confirmed diabetic after induction and used for the study. An additional group (normal control) of 5 rats was administered distilled water 1 ml/kg bw.A diabetic group was administered normal saline 1 ml/kg bw, another group was treated with metformin 500 mg/kg bw, while the last group was treated with 500 mg/kg bw of the extract. Treatments lasted for 14 days via the oral route. Liver tissue samples were collected after anaesthesia with ketamine via dissection and preserved in liquefied nitrogen for genomic studies while blood glucose level was checked in serum of rats with a test kit. Genomic dsDNA was extracted from homogenized liver tissues. The yield and purity was estimated via nanodrop spectrophotometry at an absorbance of260nm and an absorbance ratio A260/280. The Results showed decrease in the fasting blood glucose level in the serum of the treated rats which was significant (p...
The effect of ethanolic leave extract of Nauclea latifolia and Artemether-Lumfantrine was investigated in a suppressive model of malaria on the hippocampus of Swiss albino mice. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with P berghei 1 x 107 parasites, and then treated within an hour with Nacl 0.9% IOml/kg for control; and 5 mg Artemether-Lumefantrine per kg body weight of the mice for test 3 days. Organosomatic index, thick blood smear, parasite density, hippocampal histomorphology and immunolabeling of glial fibrillary acidic protein were assessed. Result show the organosomatic index was not statistically significant (p>0.05) when treated groups were compared with control; the parasite density decreased significantly (p...
The Morpho-metrical profile of the kidney and the BMI correlation in Normal Adult is a study which determines the normal range of values of kidney dimensions in 202 healthy Port Harcourt metropolitans (102 male; 100 female) who were 20- 70 years of age. Mean age 46 ± 21.2 years; 46.3 ± 21.6 years (male), 45. 7 ± 20.8 years (female). Mean height: t 1.6± 0.1; 1.6m± O.lm(male), 1.5 ±0.lm(female). Mean weight: 70± 12.4kg; 72.8 ± 11.4kg (male); 67.4± 12.8kg (female). Mean body mass index (BMI [kg/m'[) 29.1 ± 7.8; 29.9 ± 12 (male), 28.4 ± 5 (female). The renal dimensions measured were length x width x cortical thickness which was established as equal to renal size. The mean kidney length 9.6 ± 0.4cm (right); 9.6 ± 0.4cm (left), kidney width 4.2 ± 0.3cm (right); 4.6 ± 0.2cm (left), cortical thickness 1.4 ± O.lcm; (right); 1.6 ± 0.2cm (left), kidney size 53 ± 9.9cm3 (right); 69 ± 9.lcm3 (left). Male kidney length were 9.8 ± 0.5cm (right); 9.9 ± 0.5cm (left), width 4.2 ± 0.4cm (right); 4.5 ± 0.4cm (left), cortical thickness 1.3 ± 0.2 (right); 1.6 ± 0.2cm (left) and kidney size 57 ± 12cm3 (right); 72 ± 17cm3 (left). Female kidney length was 9.7 ± 0.4cm (right); 9.7 ± 0.5cm (left), width4.2 ± 0.2cm (right); 4.6 ± 0.2cm (left), cortical thickness 1.4 ± O. lcm (right); 1.6 ± O. lcm (left) and kidney size 55 ± Scm' (right); 71 ± Scm' (left). There was significant difference between kidney length in male and female (p= ...
Radiogrammetry of the axial relationship of the articulating bones of the normal hip joint has important clinical and medicolegal implications. This study is aimed to measure and provide normative values of the angular morphometric parameters needed to understand the relationship between the articulating bones of the normal hip joint among the people of South-southern Nigeria. Centre edge angle (CEA) and acetabular angle of sharp (AAS) and Femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA) were evaluated and measured from standard anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of 9 54 (4 3 2 males and 5 22 females) adults with normal hip using X-ray viewing box, Pencil, Ruler, and goniometer. The mean±Standard deviation values of the CEA, AAS and FNSA obtained from this study are 31.30±2.50° and 33.01±2.56°, 40.82±0.86° and 39.23±0.99°, and 135.00±3.91 ° and 132.16±4.06° for males and females respectively. The mean values of the all measured parameters were higher in males than females except for the center edge angle which was higher in females. There was a statistically significant difference (p...
The dependence of morphometric values of human parts is very obvious in the construction, replacement and treatment of affected body parts, be it bones or soft tissues. The purpose of this study is to radiologically analyze the clavicular length variation and to extensively evaluate its application. The length of clavicle and its variation were evaluated using a total of 600 (Comprising 300 males and 300 females) anterioposterior radiographs of the chest with clearly and visibly defined clavicles. Clavicle devoid of fracture, dislocation, tumour and complete ossification were used These radiographs were obtained from the archives of the Radiology Department: University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital and Pixy Diagnostic center all located in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Measurements were carried out on light x-ray box. Pencil and metric rule were used in tracing the line. Length of clavicle was measured in millimeters using a horizontal line drawn from the most medial point on the medial border of the sternal end to the most lateral point of the lateral border ofthe acromial end with the help of a meteric rule. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (IBM® version 23 SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL). Confidence interval was set at 95% and p-value :S 0.05 was considered significant. The result showed that the maximum length of male right clavicle was 150.57±14.37mm and left was 154.92± 9.83mm. The maximum length for female right clavicle was 137.92±8.76mm and left was 142.44±16.18mm. The length of the clavicle showed statistical significant difference with varying correlating values for males and females (P...
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-diabetic effect of Chrysophyllum albidum in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats (l 70-200g) were used, of which twenty rats were randomised into four groups (n= 5). Group A received normal saline 10 ml. Group B, C and D received C. albidum by gavage at a dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. The prophylactic study was performed with thirty rats divided into six groups (n=5). Groups E and F received only normal saline; group G received 2 mg/kg of glibenclamide; groups H, I and J received 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg/day of ethanolic leave extracts of C. albidum respectively. With the exception of group E, animals in groups F-J was challenged with 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin intraperitoneally after two weeks of oral administration of normal saline, extract and glibenclamide. Administration of normal saline, extract and glibenclamide was continued for another two weeks. The animals were fasted overnight before they were sacrifice on day 14th and their blood samples and pancreas were collected for biochemical assays. Results showed significant elevation in Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Glutathione activities (p< 0.05); and decrease in malondialdehyde. The extract significantly increased (p < 0.05) High density lipoprotein and also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) Low density lipoprotein, Triglycerides and Total cholesterol. It can be concluded that C. albidum possesses hypoglycemic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials, thereby justifying support for its anti-diabetic use in folk medicine....
Fingerprint minutiae show great individuality in different populations and also been considered as a basic feature used for identification in the field of Human Biology. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency distribution, sexual dimorphism and sex discriminating features using thumbprints minutiae. A total of 283 subjects comprising 147 males and 136 females (18-25 years) participated. Minutiae count was carried out within a circle with a diameter that passes through the nucleus. Independent sample t-test was used to test for sex differences. Steps wise binary logistic regression was applied to obtain a predicting equation that discriminates the sex of the individual. Significant sex differences were observed only in ridge end, break, enclosure, and bridges and opposite bifurcation. The higher mean value was only in break and bridges in the female participants. The single best sex discriminator in the minutiae was break and ridge ending with an accuracy of 66.5% and 65.4% for the right and left thumb. In conclusion, the thumbprint minutiae proved to be useful in sex discrimination among Hausa population. However, different sides (left and right) have varying degrees of discriminating accuracy. ...