Skin carcinoma are malignant out-growths of the epidermis and are primarily basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas, with risk factors among ultraviolet light, light coloured skin, age, male gender, irradiation and impaired immunity. This paper brings to the fore the pattern of skin carcinoma in the Niger Delta region using the parameters of age, sex, tumor type/site and histologic types. A five-year retrospective study of 79 cases from referral hospitals in Port Harcourt using inclusion criteria of patient age, sex and anatomic site of cancer. Histological diagnosis/staging was done based on WHO classification. 38 of the 79 studied cases were skin carcinomas (48:1%) with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 32 (84:2%) and basal cell for 6 (15:8%), with age ranges from 24 to 81 years. The male to female ratio was 23:15 with the greatest number in the 30-39 years bracket. In our study, the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in our environment far outweighed that reviewed by literature. We deduce that this may be due to low reportage/presentation of basal cell carcinomas, which are not as malignant as squamous cell carcinomas....
The pyrethroid pesticides are swiftly replacing other type of insecticides due to a moderately lower toxicity for mammals. Nevertheless, due to excessive use they have now become an environmental nuisance. We sort to evaluate the attenuating effect of aqueous extract of Croton zambesicus (AECZ) on testicular derangement induced by pyrethroid-based insecticide in the rat testis. Thirty five male Wistar rats (10 to 12 weeks old) weighing 230-250 g were where divided into four groups of seven rats each. Group A severed as the control, Group B rats were exposed to pyrethroid-based mosquito coil, Group C, D and E rats were exposed to pyrethroid-based mosquito coil and subsequently treated with 200, 250 and 300 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract of Croton zambesicus. The animals were sacrificed after 10 weeks and results obtained showed a significant (P...
Morphological effects of long-term consumption of energy drinks commonly use as flavored beverage drinks on the intracranial auditory relay centres namely inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body of adult wistar rats were carefully studied. The rats of both sexes (N = 20), with average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into treated (n =10) and control (n =10) groups. The rats in the treated group received energy drinks on a daily basis for 10hrs and 14hrs of distilled water liberally in thirty days, while the control group received distilled water daily for thirty days. The growers mash feeds was obtained from Edo Feeds and Flour Mill Limited, Ewu, Edo state, Nigeria and the rats were given feeds liberally. The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on the thirty-first day of the experiment; the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body were carefully dissected out, weighed and quickly fixed in 10% formal saline for further histological study. The findings indicated that there was an increase in the weight (g) and relative weight (%) of the inferior colliculus and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the weight (g) and relative weight (%) of the medial geniculate body of the treated rats as compared to the control group. The section from the treated group with energy drinks showed cellular degenerative changes, sparse cellular population, hypertrophy, microcytic changes and vacuolations in the stroma of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body as compared to the control group. Long-term consumption of energy drinks may therefore have an adverse effect on the intracranial auditory sensibilities by affecting the morphology of the inferior colliculus and medial geniculate body of adult wistar rats. It is recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating these findings be carried out....
We studied hepatic toxicity profile of the ethanolic fraction of the seed of Myristica fragrans (M. fragrans, nutmeg) in rats. Adult Wistar rats were randomized to receive 20 mg/kg/d or 80 mg/kg/d of oral ethanolic fraction of nutmeg for 7 days (7d; acute treatment) or 28 days (28d; chronic treatment). Hepatic histology (haematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin sections of the liver) and plasma levels of liver enzymes were analyzed and compared with controls. Our findings showed that chronic treatment with higher dose of ethanolic fraction of nutmeg (80 mg/kg/d) but not lower dose (20 mg/kg/d), induces significant elevations (P...
The open field test is a common measure of exploring behaviour and general activity in both mice and rat. This study was carried out to investigate the open field movement effect of administration of Bitter kola (Garcinia kola) extract on wistar rats. Fifteen adult wistar rats were purchased, weighed and divided into three groups of five per group. They were allowed access to rat feed and water ad-libitum for two weeks period of acclimatization. Different dosages of Garcinia kola extract were administered to group two (200mg/kg body weight) and group three (300mg/kg body weight) respectively, while group one (control group) received clean water and rat feed. The study lasted for four weeks (28 days). A dose dependent response was observed. Open field movement test was determined using open field apparatus and light-dark transition box.Results indicate that high dose and prolonged duration of administration of the extract decreased food intake, increased defecation and urination, reduces body weight and increase sexual drive compared to the control. An increasedanxiety and decreased exploratory activity was observed....
In this study the wound healing property of 28% concentration of ethanolic extract of Trichosanthes cucumerina fruit was determined by considering its effect on gross wound morphometry, histological analysis of the granulation tissue (with respect to neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblast and blood vessel estimation). 28% concentration of ethanolic extract of T. cucumerina fruit was prepared by adding100ml of absolute ethanol to every 28g of blended T. cucumerina fruit and then allowed to ferment in an air tight container in a period of three days. The o o mixture was filtered and the filtrate heated using a water bath at a temperature range of 40 c-50 c until a dark brownish paste-likesubstance (extract) was obtained. Prior to its topical usage, 28g of the extract was added to 100ml of water so as to obtain the 28% concentration of the extract. 24 male wistar rats of two groups; experimental and control (of 12 each) weighing approximately 200g were used in this study. A wound size of 2cm by 2cm which exposed the panniculusadiposus was inflicted on the dorsal-lateral shaved aspect of the thorax after anaesthesia. The wound sizes were immediately measured using a 4cm by 4cm square template transparent sheet which was subsequently placed on a graph sheet for wound morphometry. The experimental and control groups were dressed using 28% concentration of the extract and distilled water respectively. The % mean wound contraction on day 3, 6, 9, and 12 for the control group were 10.28 ± 5.58, 37.74 ± 7.30, 56.01 ±8.99 and 70.74 ± 9.93 respectively. While for the experimental group on the same days were 28.42 ± 11.37, 61.03 ± 12.86, 83.64 ± 12.28 and 95.27 ± 5.04 respectively. The two groups at these respective days were found to be statistically significant (P...
The orbit is roughly pyramidal in shape with the apex located posteriorly forming the optic canal and the base located anteriorly forming the orbital margin. The orbital margin has the form of a quadrilateral with rounded corners. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between orbital height and width among the Igbo ethnic group of Nigeria. A total number of 350 radiographic films of subjects aged between less than one year and seventy nine years (...
The foramen magnum contains the lower end of the medulla oblongata, the vertebral arteries and the spinal accessory nerve. The purpose of this study was to measure the size, determine the index and area as well as analyse the shapes of the foramen magnum in dry adult human skulls of Nigerians. The study sample comprised 74adult dry skulls of no define dage and gender. Anteroposterior and transverse dimensions were measured; and foramen magnum index and area were calculated. The shape of the foramen was also assessed. The commonest shape was oval (48.6%) followed by round (45.9%). The anteroposterior dimension was significantly longer than the transverse dimension. This will be of forensic, anthropological and clinical importance....
The effects of chronic administration of Zidovudine (AZT) commonly used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) type-1 therapy on the body and brain weights of adult wistar rats were carefully studied. The rats of both sexes (N=40), with an average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into tested (n =20) and control (n =20) groups. The rats in the tested group received 300mg/70kg (0.857mg/200g) body weight of AZT being the dosage required twice daily dissolved in distilled water and given for thirty days through orogastric tube administration while the control rats received equal volume of distilled water through the same route and for the same period. The rats were fed with grower's mash obtained from Edo Feeds and Flour Mill Limited, Ewu, Edo state, Nigeria and given water liberally. The rats weresacrificed by cervical dislocation method on the thirty-first day of the experiment. The brainswere carefully dissected out, blotted dried and quickly weighed using Toledo weighing balance.The values obtained from the experiment were recorded and compared statistically using the unpaired sample T-test and symmetric measured test of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).The findings of this experiment revealed that there was a steady increase in the body weight(g) of both groups during the period of acclimatization and before the drug administration. During treatment the rats in the control group continues in a steady increase in body weight, while that of the tested group showed increase in body weight that was statistically significant (P...
This study is aimed to compare the ameliorative properties of Cissus populinea and Jatropha curcas on testicular damage caused by propoxur. Eighteen adult male Wistar rats were used in this study and were divided into six groups A, B, C, D, E, F consisting three rats in each group. Group A received 1ml distilled water and served as the control group. Group B received 0.72 mg/liter/kg body weight of Propoxur. Group C received 200 mg/kg body weight of Jathropha curcas. Group D rats received 200 mg/kg body weight of Cissus populnea. Group E rats received 0.72 mg/liter/kg of propoxur and 200 mg/kg body weight of Jathropha curcas. Group F received 0.72 mg/liter/kg of Propoxur and 200 mg/kg body weight of Cissus populnea extract. The administration was done once in a day for 14 days. After which the rats were sacrificed and the testes were removed, weighed and fixed in 10% buffered formo-saline and processed using the Haematoxylin and Eosin staining technique for histological observations, sperm analysis were also carried out on the testes. Blood sample were also collected through cardiac puncture to evaluate for serum level of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), leutenizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (TT). There was significant (p...