The current issue of the Journal of Anatomical Sciences contains 22 reports of well researched and reviewed scientific papers that will appeal to many readers of the journal. Most articles are from the major areas of Anatomical Sciences. There is a good spread of local and foreign papers. This attests to the growing popularity and visibility of our journal. We are glad to inform you that online submission of articles is now a reality. Thus, high quality, cutting- edge research reports and constructive comments are welcomed from our readers and authors. We are currently working on indexing our publication with more reputable indexing bodies thus increasing our visibility. Your patronage of this journal is highly appreciated. <b>G.S. Oladipo, Ph.D</b> September, 2019. Editor-in-Chief. <b>OFFICERS OF THE ANATOMICAL SOCIETY OF NIGERIA</b> President: Prof. T.B. Ekanem Vice President: Dr. A. Ayannuga Secretary General: Dr. A. Danladi Assistance Secretary: Dr. A.A. Sadeeq Treasurer: Dr. E.A. Osunwoke Editor-in-Chief (JAS): Prof. G.S Oladipo Editor (JAS): Dr. E.J. Olotu ...
The aim of this study was to investigate the linear body anthropometry of Ijaws of southern Nigeria for future standardisation of three-dimensional negroid gross anatomical model. The research design was a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The study made use of a total number of four hundred (400) participants whose ages ranged between 21 to 40 years with BMI range of 18.50 to ...
Impacts of cryptorchidism and dexamethasone (Corticosterone analogue drug) as forms of stressors on the testicular integrity of adult wistar rats were investigated in this study. Several forms of stressors had been implicated in male infertility as the hallmark consequence of hormonal dysfunction, primary spermatogenic failure, ejaculatory disorders, and obstruction and testicular dysfunction. Adult wistar rats were exposed to unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism respectively; Two groups of Five (5) animals of the exposed, were treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of dexamethasone. The administration of dexamethasone was done for a period of seven (7) days following unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism exposure. The animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation and testes exposed following midline abdominal incision. The right caudal epididymis was ligated for sperm analysis and the left testes fixed in Bouin's fluid for histological analysis. Significant reduction in the sperm motility, sperm count and abnormal sperm morphology characterized animals exposed to both unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism. Spermatogonia degeneration, distortion in the spermatogonia lineage differentiation and abnormal widening interstitial spaces form the typical features of the cryptorchids testes group and cryptorchids testes group exposed to dexamethasone administration. However, control animals maintained the testicular integrity and the characteristic sperm analysis. Therefore, cryptorchidism and dexamethasone exposure contribute to the form of stressors that destruct spermatogonia population linage with consequent alteration in sperm characteristics causing increased in defective spermatozoa, promoting infertility among male....
The attendant overcrowding in dissecting rooms and difficulty in procurement and preservation of cadavers, variations present in cadaveric specimen and the need to learn layout to recreate common surgical operations were the reasons for which the concept of anatomical modeling was opted for. The aim of this study was to investigate the linear body anthropometry of Yorubas of southern Nigeria for future reconstruction of three-dimensional negroid gross anatomical model. The research adopted a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. A total number of four hundred (400) subjects whose ages ranged between 21 to 40 years with BMI of 18.50 to ...
The pelvic urethra is the most complex apportion of the human urethra, which passes through the prostate and the urogenital diaphragm. The aim of the present study is to examine the origin and distribution of tributary arteries of this portion of the male urethra. This was an observational, prospective and chirurgical research. The vascular system of the various 8 subjects was injected with Chinese ink agar either by catheterization of the abdominal aorta after upper ligation of this one or from a buttoned needle introduced into the common iliac artery. The thick sections are dehydrated in increasingly concentrated alcohol solutions and then transparified according to the Spalteholtz method. On the thin slices, stained with Hemalum eosin or Masson's Trichrome, and vascular structures were analyzed. Our reading of the microvasculature of the posterior urethra was related to the histological structure of the wall. The pelvic urethra includes a smooth muscle tunic and a thick mucosa. It is tributary of the pelvic vessels and those coming from the muscularis and the bladder mucosa. The verumontanum received its vascularization from vessels of the mucous and smooth muscle layers of the bladder. The vascular network comes from the arteries of the area of the urethra. These are transverse, parallel to the muscular fibers. They are reduced-sized arteries that descend either directly into the smooth muscularis (penetrating artery) or through its inter-fascicular or fascicular branches. The glandular portion of the urethra was traversed by fine arterial vessels whose caliber decreases in depth of the prostatic tissue. They were oriented obliquely downwards and forwards, either directly towards the urethral submucosa, or after 3-4 anastomoses with homologous arteries. The study of the microvasculature of the pelvic urethra which is the initial aim of this work, led us to examine the origin and distribution of tributary arteries of this portion of the urethra. To the vascular networks, a particular vascular device very anastomotic consisting of transverse, recurrent, fascicular and inter-fascicular spiral arteries. Surgically, the first ligation of the vesicoprostatic artery into the vesicoprostatic groove is necessary in ademomectomy....
The morphology of the human face varies with individuals and even more with races and ethnic group. The study was aimed at to ascertain the variations of facial anthropometry among Hausa ethnic group at Tarauni local government, Kano state using the facial linear dimensions. The objectives of the study are to determine the sexual dimorphism in facial linear distances and also to find out the correlation between facial linear dimensions and ages in males and females among the study population. A total of 400 subjects comprising 250 males and 150females age range 18–30 years participated. A 2D Photographs method was used to carry out the study. Independent sample ttest was used to test for the variations in the variables between the opposite sexes. The results showed that there were significant differences P ...
Breast cancers are malignant tumours of the breast that are exceedingly common all over the world. It has been estimated that 1 in 10 women develops the disease in her life-time1. In Nigeria, breast cancer is the commonest cancer among the females2. The importance of awareness of breast cancer, provision of its screening modalities and programmes cannot be over – emphasized. The present study was a questionnaire – based survey to investigate the incidence, awareness and screening programmes of breast cancer in Ilorin (and its environs) in Kwara state of Nigeria. The study also investigated the level of participation of women at risk in the available screening programmes. A prospective study of a population in Ilorin Emirate area, Kwara State of Nigeria, comprising of two hundred and fifty - five (255) adults with their age ranging between 15 and 70 years. They consisted of forty – nine (49) males and two hundred and six (206) female was conducted. Well – designed closed - structured questionnaires were administered to consented adults; case records of breast cancer patients were also collected from the Department of Pathology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (U.I.T.H.), Ilorin, Nigeria. These were studied to determine the incidence. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis; it was discovered that 83.9% of the participants knew something about breast cancer; while only 73.3% thereof knew about its screening programmes. The prevalence of breast cancer was higher in patient aged between 55 and 64 years. It could therefore be concluded that the level of awareness of breast cancer and the available screening programmes was high among the study population, at risk, in Ilorin Emirate area of Kwara State, Nigeria...
The effects of methanolic extract of pulverized Vitelleria paradoxum on the kidney were investigated. The plant is known for its exotic medicinal use; as a source of oil and herbal formulations for treating skin diseases and ailments such as sprains and diarrhoea in West Africa. Twenty-Eight (28) adult Wistar rats weighing between 195g and 215g were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into four (4) groups, namely: A, B, C, and D. They were respectively administered daily 2.0mls distilled water; 50mg./Kg. body weight; 100mg/kg body weight and 200mg/kg body weight of the extract, with the aid of an oral cannula, throughout the four weeks duration of the experiment. All animals received humane care in accordance with the Guidelines of the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ilorin. All the Wistar rats were given water ad libitum. They were all also fed with growers' marsh feeds. At the end of the administration, all the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples were taken from the right ventricle into heparinized tubes for haematological assessment as well as plain containers for serum urea analyses. The kidneys were harvested and fixed by immersion in 10% formosaline. Routine tissue processing procedures and staining with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains were done for light microscopy. Histopathological studies following oral administration of the extract on the kidney revealed acute tubular necrosis, lobulation and wide urinary space due to shrunken glomeruli with increasing dosages above 50mg/Kg body weight. Haematological profile, however, showed no significant changes in blood cell parameters except for the platelets which were statistically significantly reduced compared to those of the control group (p < 0.05). Urea levels were also increased in the plasma suggestive of compromise in the excretory capability of the kidney tubules. Long-term intake of Vitellaria paradoxumkernels at high dose is deleterious to the kidney in adult wistarrats and may pose a treat of renal failure in the circumstance of its prolonged endogenous consumption as herbal drug....
The concept of anatomical modelling was brought to the fore as a result of difficulty in procurement and preservation of cadavers and the attendant overcrowding in dissecting rooms, variations present in cadaveric specimen and the need to learn layout to recreate common surgical operations. This study aimed investigating the circumferential anthropometric body characteristics of adult male Igbos of southern Nigeria for the reconstruction of three-dimensional negroid gross anatomical model. The research design was a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. A total number of four hundred (400) subjects whose ages ranged between 21 to 40 years with BMI of 18.50 to ...
Pregnancy spans from conception till birth. Drugs and substances administered during pregnancy have the potential to reach the brain by crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB). Kolaviron has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of kolaviron on the biochemical and histological parameters of the hippocampus of pregnant Wistar rats. Forty-five rats (thirty females and fifteen males) were used for the purpose of this study. Vaginal smear was performed on the female rats to ascertain their estrous cycle before introducing male Wistar rats for sexual activity. Mating was confirmed following presence of sperm cells; the female animals were grouped into 5: A (distilled water), B (200 mg/kg BW of kolaviron) and C (0.6 mls of corn oil) in the 2nd and 3rd week of gestation. Administration was done orally with the use of an oral cannula on days 8- 10 and days 15- 18 of gestation respectively. Pregnant animals were sacrificed on day 20 of gestation while their brains were excised and homogenized in 0.25 M of sucrose solution for biochemical analysis. There was no significant statistical difference in the body weight, brain and hippocampal weight changes across the groups of the pregnant animals. Although there was also no statistical significant difference in the levels of antioxidants (SOD, GPX), enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (G-6-PDH and LDH) and hormones (progesterone and estrogen) across the groups, there was physical reduction in antioxidants in the kolaviron groups compared to the control groups. It was also observed that the levels of antioxidants and hormones were higher in the 3rd week of gestation when compared to those observed during the 2nd week. These changes though not statistically significant were found to be augmented in the 3rd week of gestation than during the 2nd week mostly the antioxidants and hormones. This might be attributed to the stress associated with pregnancy particularly during the 2nd week of gestation, the period when development of the hippocampus takes place....
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are very common amongst teachers. According to previous studies, MSD decrease productivity at work due to sick leave, absenteeism and early retirement; and are also costly in terms of treatment. This study investigated the correlation between Anthropometric indices and MSDs. The sample included 398 public school teachers selected randomly. A cross sectional study design and simple random sampling was used to select nine out of twenty-eight public secondary schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Weight was measured with a Weighing Scale and height by using stadiometer. The results showed a significant association between MSD with height, age and pulse (p...
The period of conception to child birth is a very sensitive period and occurs naturally without any interference but the food or drinks consumed during this period has a major role to play on the developmental stages of the fetus either positively or negatively. Hence, the critical study on some herbs/fruit that are commonly consume by pregnant women.The research was carried out basically to examine and evaluate the morphological and biochemical effects of crude aqueous soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata) on the hippocampus of both mother and foetus of wistar rats following prenatal administration.Thirty four adult wistar rats (24 females and 10 males) with an average weight of 180g + 22g were used for the research. They were fed with rat pellets and had access to clean water ad libitum and were acclimatize for 14 days. The males were put in a separate cage to prevent mating during acclimatization before the commencement of the experiment. Oestrous cycle was carried out. Fresh soursop leaves were obtained and was certified original and prepared for use. 0.5mls of aqueous soursop leaf extract was administered orally using a calibrated syringe fitted with oral cannula. The animals were sacrificed on the 22nd day of gestation before delivery by cervical dislocation and the foetuses were removed from the mothers. The brain of both the mothers and the foetuses were excised and weighed. The hippocampus were removed and homogenized for subsequent analyses for biochemical studies. There was no statistically significant increase in the weight gained by the animals across the groups, p...
Background: Femoral fractures are common injuries that affect people of all ages in most populated cities as a result of commercial activities in these areas. This study aimed at determining the patterns of femoral fractures in Ughelli North Local Government Area. Materials and Methods: It adopted a retrospective study design and made use of purposive sampling technique. Data was retrieved from medical records of the hospital and was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 22.0. A total of 2,346 subjects (60.9% males and 39.1% females) with a mean age of 40.9 ± 16.87 years. Result showed that most common type of fracture was the open fracture (n=541, 23.1%), oblique (n=475, 20.2%), transverse (n=461, 19.7%), spiral (n=448, 19.1%), comminuted (n=365, 15.6%) and closed (n=56, 2.4%). Further findings reveal that the most frequent site of fracture was midshaft (n=1020, 43.5%), with distal site (n=688, 29.3%) and the proximal site (n=638, 27.2%). Conclusion: The most prevalent type was the open femoral fracture; however, the midshaft region of the femur was more common especially in male subjects, why the middle age group (31-60) was the most affected....
The heart as it is one of the major organs that sustain the part of human body because the contractility of its muscles helps to supply blood that maintains them. To investigate the effects of lead acetate on the cardiac muscles and the potency of the extract of Ficus vogelii as a useful herb. The 48 Wistar rats used for this work were purchased and acclimatized for 7 days and were divided into 12 groups of 6 rats per group. Group A (Control group) received normal saline and water ad libitum. The animals were given lead acetate in a dose of 2mg/kg body weight. Group B was further divided into B1-B4 (aqueous extract groups). Group C also further regrouped into C1-C4 (ethanolic extract groups). Even though the heart is one of the hardest organ to be affected by toxicity, our result showed that lead acetate causes the following on the myocardial necrosis, oedema, optical empty spaces, fatty changes, hemorrhages, myocardial cell death, etc. The groups that received the extract show little effect of lead acetate on the myocardium, this could be as a result of the therapeutic potency of the herb. Ficus vogelii leave can be used as an herbal remedy in tackling myocardial toxicity. With this our little result we recommend the herb for use....
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are injury or pain affecting the musculoskeletal system. According to previous studies, MSD decrease productivity at work due to sick leave, absenteeism and early retirement, and are also costly in terms of treatment. This study assessed work-related physical activities with MSDs. The sample included 398 public school teacher selected randomly. A cross sectional study design and simple random sampling was used to select nine out of twenty eight public secondary schools. A total of 398 participants were selected randomly. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The results showed a relationship between physical activities and MSD. This study has shown that younger teachers have also been found to experience MSDs and work-related physical activities can be associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorder....
Consumption of fructose, widely used in food processing including soft drinks, has been associated with the occurrence of prediabetes and its complications. This has greatly contributed to the rapid increase in the number of people living with Diabetes Mellitus globally. Senna siamea, a tropical plant commonly called Casia and “Malga” in hausa have been reported to be useful in treatment of disease traditionally due to its phytochemical compound including anthraquinones, coumarins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids, sterols and other polyphenols. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of methanol extract of Senna siamea on fructose- induced prediabetes on the liver and pancreas of adult Wistar rats. Twenty-five (25) adult male Wistar rats were used and divided into five groups according to substance of administration; distilled water, fructose, Senna siamea, 150 mg/kg b.w (SS 150), Senna siamea, 300mg/kb b.w (SS 300) and metformin. They were allowed to acclimatize for 2 weeks before the onset of administration which lasted for 14 days. All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with the standard international guidelines on the use of animal for research. Approval for the study was obtained from the Departmental Ethics Committee and Health Research Ethics Committee on Animal Use, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria. Body weight and blood-glucose level were monitored daily. After administrations, all animals were euthanized then sacrificed and preserved in accordance to various parameters assayed including oxidative stress markers (reduced glutathione- GSH, catalase- CAT, superoxide dismutase- SOD and lipid peroxidation- MDA), lipid profile and histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain). Fructose (p...
Palmer dermatoglyphics is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive anatomical procedure which may be used as a reliable indicator for screening of high risk population in a developing country like India. Bronchial asthma is influenced by genetic factors and the present study was carried out to show the relationship between the dermatoglyphic quantitative & qualitative parameters with patients of bronchial asthma. Dermatoglyphic prints were obtained from both hands of clinically diagnosed cases of 50 bronchial asthma patients and 50 normal healthy individuals, without family history of bronchial asthma (control group). The study included both qualitative and quantitative tests. Qualitative study includes finger print patterns (whorls, radial loop, arches, and ulnar loop). Quantitative study includes Total Finger Ridge count (TFRC), Left and Right Finger ridge count (LFRC and RFRC) and ATD angle. In this study a significantly higher number of ulnar loops and whorls were seen in the bronchial asthma group and it was seen that the presence of arches and radial loop were lower (although not significantly) than that compared to the control group. TFRC was seen to be significantly higher among the bronchial asthma patients. No significant results were obtained for LFRC and RFRC. ATD angle was significantly higher in patients with Asthma compared to control. Evaluation of dermatoglyphic patterns may be useful in identifying patients prone to developing Bronchial Asthma....
This study was done to evaluate the relationship between low back pain (LBP) duration and selected anthropometric parameters. A total of 990 Participants, comprising 685 male and 305 female subjects were recruited by convenient purposive sampling method after detailed explanation of research procedure and informed consent. The following parameters were measured; height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference. Results were presented in descriptive statistics for measured anthropometric parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square (X2) tests were done to determine the relationship between low back pain and the anthropometric variables. There was significant association between occupation, age and duration of LBP, in particular, for periods between 3 and 12 months. In addition, the variables; occupation, body mass index (BMI) and age (in categories), showed significant association with LBP, while for waist hip ratio (WHR) statistically significant difference was observed for 3, 6 and 9 months. The differences between sex and duration of LBP were not statistically significant. These findings will be useful to orthopedic and trauma surgeons as well as Occupational health physicians in the management of low back pain....
Person with insomnia have symptoms such as difficulty falling asleep, waking up often during the night and having trouble going back to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, feeling tired upon waking. The aim of this research was to investigate wistar rats' neurobehavioural activities that have been deprived of sleep and given aqueous leaf extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. Thirty (30) adult female wistar rats of weights between 100 - 240g were randomly selected and used for this study. The animals were kept in wooden cages and sawdust served as animal bedding, they were fed with grower mash manufactured by Grand Cereals Nigeria Limited and tap water ad libitum. The animals were randomly distributed into six (6) groups of five (5) animals each. The groups were labeled Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The animals' sleep pattern was distorted by exposure to bright light at night for three (3) consecutive days to induce insomnia. Neurobehavioural test was conducted using Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). Scoring was made possible by the use of an Automated tracking and scoring software (Noldus Ethovision video tracking, Hamilton-Kinder infrared photo beam tracking) and this was done in a noise and human traffic free area/zone. Data from state of anxiety using grooming time and rearing time were taken and analysed. The result indicated that the group induced with insomnia only, experienced the highest state of anxiety. The other groups that were given the extract (at high dose and low dose) after light exposure had a reduced state of anxiety as indicated by the bar chart from EPM scores. The extract shows greater potential in the reversal of sleep distortion in albino wistar rat....
The carrying angle is the angle (in the sagittal plane) formed by the axes of the arm and the forearm, with the elbow in full extension. Females have wider carrying angle due to a wider hip design for obstetric reasons. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between carrying angle and 2D-, 4D-length and ratio. One hundred and nine (109) subjects comprising 49 males and 60 females were randomly selected from the University of Port Harcourt. Carrying angle was measured using a goniometer (after the midpoint of the arm and forearm were determined using a flexicurve), while 2D-, 4D-length was measured using a digital vernier caliper. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the social science (SPSS version 22.0). The results showed that for males on the right, carrying angle (CA) significantly correlated with 2D length (r = 0.461, R2 = 0.21, p < 0.01) and 4D length (r = 0.474, R2 = 0.22, p < 0.01). While on the left, it correlated with 2D length (r = 0.450, R2 = 0.20, p < 0.01) and 4D length (r = 0.366, R2 = 0.13, p = 0.05). For females on the right, it significantly correlated, with 2D length (r = 0.469, R2 = 0.22, p < 0.01) and 4D (r = 0.357, R2 = 0.13, p = 0.003), 2D:4D ratio (r = 0.285, R2 = 0.08, p = 0.014). While on the left, it correlated with 2D (r = 0.449, R2 = 0.20, p < 0.01) and 4D (r = 0.322, R2 = 0.10, p = 0.006). Females had higher CAs, while males had longer 2D and 4D. Significant differences were observed in all measured parameters between sex at p < 0.05, except for the right 2D, 2D:4D; and the left 2D:4D. The right 4D and 2D better were better predictors of CA in males and females respectively. The findings from this study will be useful for estimating CA from 2D, 4D and 2D:4D and also in surgical repair (management) of elbow fracture or dislocation....
Lead (Pb2+) is a toxic heavy metal, unsafe even in small amounts. This study evaluated the histological and biochemical effects of lead acetate at different durations and dose on the liver of Wistar rats of both sexes. Thirty-Six (36) adult Wistar rats, were categorized into six groups, with each group containing 3 male and 3 female rats. Group 1 served as control for group 2 and 3. Group 2 and 3 received 30 and 60 mg/kg of lead acetate for 14 days respectively. Group 4 served as control for group 5 and 6. Group 5 and 6 received 30 and 60 mg/kg of lead acetate for 28 days respectively. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected in 5 ml plain bottle for liver enzymes evaluation. The liver tissue was excised for histological studies. A Significant (p...
Understanding the morphometry of human skeleton is requisite in anatomical sciences and in the anticipation and management of femoral neck and trochanteric fractures. This study is aimed at developing proximal morphometric parameters that will conform to the biomechanical and anatomical features of the neck, proximal shaft (intertrochanteric or epiphyseal area) and shaft of the femur from radiographs of Nigerians. A total number of 1709 normal anteroposterior radiographs of the femur of Nigerians collected from Radiology Departments of selected Hospitals in Nigeria. From the obtained radiographs, angular parametric landmarks were measured utilizing standard instruments and protocols described in literatures. For males, mean±SEM values of FNSA, FNIA, FSIA and FIT are 132.38±0.310, 93.87±0.310, 39.21±0.210, 105.99±03.59mm2 and 131.96±0.26°, 92.87±0.29°, area 40.26±0.22°, 98.77±3.75mm2 for left and right sides of os femora respectively while for females, the mean+SEM values for the same parameters are 132.38±0.310, 93.87±0.31°, 39.21±0.210 79.62±3.13mm2 and 131.96+0.26°, 92.87+0.29°, 40.26±0.22°, 84.45±2.18mm2 for left and right sides of os femora respectively. The result obtained showed variation in FNSA with other populations. Also, the result showed the os femora as sexually dimorphic (p...
Cassava is a root vegetable widely consumed in developing countries. It provides some important nutrients and resistant starch, which may have health benefits. Cassava can have dangerous effects too, especially if it is eaten raw and in large quantities. Of immense significance is the presence of cyanogenic glycosides linamarine and lotaustralin in cassava which may lead to cancer if consumed in large quantities over a long period. The effect of these cyanogenic compounds were examined within Afara community in Umuahia north local government area of Abia state where cassava is cultivated in large proportions and serves as the major staple food of the community. The study was done in order to determine if there was a correlation between consumption of cassava and the development of cancer within the community. A total of 836 members in 105 homes visited for the study were profiled. Of these, males were 311in number comprising 37.20% of the population while females were 525 or 62.79% of the population. A total number of 169 persons or 20.21% of the study population were children and infants between the ages of 0 to 10 years, 112 individuals or 13.39% were aged between 11 and 20 years, 108 or 12.91% were between 21 and 30 years old, 193 or 23.09% were aged from 31 to 40 years old, 137 persons or 16.39% were aged between 41 and 50 years while a total of 117 members of the study population or 14.00% were over 50 years of age. A total of 629 persons or about 75.24%of the study population currently resided within the community while 207 former residents or 24.76% were said to have migrated to places outside the community, but had resided for at least 10 years and above in the community before migration. 23 cases of cancer afflictions were recorded within the community giving a total percentage of 2.75% of afflicted community members. Mortalities recorded were 14 while cancer survivors in the community were 9 in number, thus giving a mortality: survival ratio of 1.6:1 for the community....