There have recently been debates as to whether anatomy is a science or a profession and yearnings for professionalism of Anatomy in Nigeria by students, graduates and some teachers of anatomy. The call by many, taking an evidently up-roaring dimension, is how students of anatomy will be trained in the B.Sc Anatomy program to become graduates who will be able to render series of anatomical services in healthcare sector and the nation at large, in addition to being able to teach and research which they are capable of as at now. The debates and yearnings led the authors of this article to have a critical look into what anatomy was in Nigeria in the past, what it is at the present moment and what it may become in the future. An electronic interview method of survey was conducted by the authors among Professors of Anatomy in the country who were randomly selected. Authors therefore define anatomy as a science that can be taught, studied and practiced and so are postulating that anatomy in Nigeria would have three eras; the past (subject), the present (program) and the future (profession) eras; while recommending that the profession era of anatomy be heralded....
The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length (2D:4D), systemizing quotient (SQ) and empathizing quotient (EQ) are commonly put forth as correlates of prenatal testosterone. This present study investigated the relationship between (2D:4D), systemizing quotient (SQ) and empathizing quotient (EQ) of Asholio ethnic group in Kaduna state. Digit lengths of the second and fourth fingers were directly measured from the proximal crease to the tip of the finger using vernier caliper. SQ and EQ were assessed in 300 participants of the ethnic group containing both males and females. All participants consented to the study. SQ and EQ were assessed in 300 participants of the ethnic group consisting of both males and females, using a questionnaire of 120 questions. Digit lengths of the second and fourth fingers were directly measured from the proximal crease to the tip of the finger using vernier caliper. The figures for 2D and 4D were obtained were computed by dividing 2D by 4D. In order to establish the repeatability of measurements taken, each finger of both hands was measured twice. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, Pearson correlation was used to assess any association. P value was set at P < 0.05 using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Questionnaires administered had ethical approval obtained from the university ethical approval committee. Data were expressed as mean ± SD and association checked using Pearson correlation, P value set at < 0.05 using SPSS version 20. Digit ratio was found to be significantly lower in males than females Significant negative correlations exist between. SQ and 2D:4D and this being stronger for right hand 2D:4D (right r = -0.47, left; r = -0.32, P < 0.05). Generated predictive equation is stronger on the right hand. This study has demonstrated the association between 2D:4D, SQ and EQ. SQ could be predicted most especially from the right hand....
The practice of embalming putrefying bodies involves the restoration of body features damaged by diseases or accidents of different forms and it requires special skill or training. The present study was designed to investigate the embalming techniques (methods), storage (post mortem management) procedures, and different embalming fluid composition used at the six study areas in order to determine the success or failure rate for preserving putrefying bodies in Anambra state in relation to age range. Two study areas were randomly selected from each of the three senatorial zones in Anambra state. A total of 2523 bodies were brought in for embalmment out of which 351 bodies were at the early stages of putrefaction. The embalmment procedure, storage and embalmment fluid composition for these putrefying bodies were evaluated with respect to age. The individual result on age range showed significant association between embalming procedure and age range at five study areas. Three study areas recorded some levels of failure outcome which was determined using checklist and empirical observations during the study. The results noted that failure of embalming putrefying bodies at the study areas were dependent on the age range, as well as on the embalming fluid composition and embalming management (storage) procedures. This study revealed that age range and embalming fluid composition contributes to the outcome of embalming putrefying bodies in Anambra state....
Kolaviron ameliorates histomorphological changes associated with Cuprizone-induced Cerebellar Damage
Cuprizone is a copper chelator and a drug of choice in studing demyelination/remyelination in the central nervous system. This study assessed the effect of Kolaviron, on cuprizone-induced damage to the cerebellum of Wistar rat. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were grouped into 5: Group A received 0.5 ml of normal saline for 6 weeks; Group B received 0.5 ml of corn oil for 6 weeks; Group C was treated with 0.2% of cuprizone for 3 weeks followed by treatment with 200 mg/kg of Kolaviron for another 3 weeks; Group D received 200 mg/kg Kolaviron for 3 weeks followed by 0.2% cuprizone from another 3 weeks; while Group E received 0.2% cuprizone for 6 weeks. Meanwhile, 0.5 ml of corn oil was used as a vehicle for Kolaviron. The body and brain weight of the rats showed significant decrease in all treated groups when compared to the control groups. Histological demonstration showed varying degrees of architectural distortions, including depletion of Nissl bodies, disruption of cortical cell layers and depletion of myelin, which were more pronounced in the cerebellar cortex of cuprizone-treated rats. Kolaviron offered mild cytoprotection to the cerebellar histomorphology of cuprizone-treated rats. Further studies would ascertain the effectiveness of Kolaviron in mitigating cerebellar lesions in well-established demyelination....
Midline diastema is the space between the mesial surfaces of central incisors greater than 0.5mm. The prevalence of midline diastema varies greatly with age, gender and race. The present study was conducted to establish the prevalence and inheritance pattern of natural midline diastema among the Ijaw ethnic group of South-South Nigeria. The study involved 363 respondents (109 males and 254 females) with natural midline diastema. With an informed consent after clearance by graduate school ethics committee, data was obtained from the subjects both by a structured questionnaire and direct measurement of the width of midline diastema and then subjected to statistical analysis. The mean value for the width of midline diastema was 2.16±0.9lmm and l.87±0.87mm for the natural maxillary and mandibular width respectively. It was more prevalent in females and age group between 28-30years with 70% and 40.8% respectively than males with prevalent rate of 30% and older age group at p...
Measurement of renal dimensions is essential in making decisions for renal transplant, avoiding or commencement of immunosuppressive therapy, renal biopsy and in monitoring and prognosticating disease progression or stability.The present study was designed to establish normative baseline renal size data of adults’ Nigerian population in Zaria, and also to determine its correlation with height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA).This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria between January and August 2016. Four hundred apparently healthy young adults (200 males and 200 females) resident in Zaria who gave their informed consent were randomly selected and recruited for the study. The ethical permit was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Hospital. The longitudinal length and width of the right and left kidneys were measured. In addition, the age, sex, height (Ht), weight (Wt), BMI, and BSA of the subjects were recorded. All renal scans were done with a Mindray diagnostic ultrasound system (Model DC-3, 2010/2012, Nanshan, Shenzen, PR China) plus 2.5-6 MHZ curvilinear probe. The mean age was 22.41±3.35 years. The mean right and left kidney lengths were 9.94±0.70 cm and 10.28±0.80 cm respectively. The mean kidney width was 3.96 ± 0.36 cm and 4.33 ± 0.51 cm for right and left kidney, respectively. There was no significant sexual dimorphism in the renal dimensions (p>0.05). The left kidney length and width were significantly greater than the right kidney (p...
This study described the morphologic and microscopic features of the adrenal glands of Cricetomys gambianus (African giant rat, AGR).Twenty (20) wild AGR comprising often males and ten females were used for this study. The AGR were euthanized and adrenal glands harvested and examined morphologically and light microscopically using routine (Hand E) histological stains and Potassium Dichromate stain (PDC) for histochemistry. Morphologic data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using statistical tools (t-test and Pearson's correlation).Results revealed morphologic features of the AGR adrenal glands as paired structures, located on the superior poles of both kidneys; sexual dimorphism exit in the weight of the glands with the female glands being significantly weightier than that of the males. The length and the width of the male and female adrenal glands do not showed sexual dimorphism when values were subjected compared. Histological studies showed that the adrenal glands were divided into two broad regions, the cortex and the medulla. The adrenals exhibited structures with typical cortical zonation. Histochemical studies revealed medullary cells with high affinity for chromaffin stain, the chromaffin cells. In conclusion, the adrenal gland of the AGR is an oval-shaped paired glands, of broadly two microscopic regions, cortex and medulla. Histoarchitectural features of the gland are similar to that of other mammals....